Tafsir

ائْذَن لِّي(Grant me leave), to stay behind,وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى(and put me not into trial.), if I go with you and see the women of the Romans. Allah, the Exalted, replied,أَلا فِى الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُواْ(Surely, they have fallen into trial) because of the statement they uttered. Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, `Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, `Asim bin Qatadah and several others that they said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah,«هَلْ لَكَ يَا جَدُّ الْعَامَ فِي جَلَادِ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟»(`Would you like to fight the yellow ones (Romans) this year) He said, `O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission (to remain behind) and do not cause Fitnah for me. By Allah! My people know that there is not a man who is more fond of women than I.

I fear that if I see the women of the yellow ones, I would not be patient.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned away from him and said,«قَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَك»(I give you permission.) In Al-Jadd's case, this Ayah was revealed,وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن يَقُولُ ائْذَن لِّي وَلاَ تَفْتِنِّى(And among them is he who says: "Grant me leave and put me not into trial.") Therefore, Allah says that the Fitnah that he fell into because of not joining the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (in Jihad) and preferring his safety to the safety of the Messenger ﷺ is worse than the Fitnah that he falsely claimed to fear." It was reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others that this Ayah was revealed in the case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among the chiefs of Bani Salimah.

It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked,«مَنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ يَا بَنِي سَلَمَةَ؟»(Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah) They said, "Al-Jadd bin Qays, although we consider him a miser." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَلَكِنْ سَيِّدُكُمْ الْفَتَى الْجَعْدُ الْأَبْيَضُ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُور»(There is not a disease worse than stinginess! Therefore, your chief is the white young man with curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur.) Allah said next,وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ(And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers.) and they will never be able to avoid, avert, or escape from it.

In the seventh verse (49), after citing a particular excuse made by a noted hypocrite called Jadd ibn Qays, a comment has been made which shows how astray he had gone. The excuse for not going on Jihad he came up with was that he happened to be a young man. If he went out against the Roman Christians in their territory, there were chances that he might fall into the snare of their beautiful women! (` Do not expose me to an ordeal' ) The Qur'an responded by saying: أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا (Look! they have already fallen into an ordeal). It means that such people were not very smart. They were trying to hide behind the excuse of an imaginary ordeal, not realizing that they had already fallen into the sin of a certain ordeal, the ordeal of acting against the command of Allah and His Messenger, and of deserting the Jihad effort, right on the spot.

The last sentence of the verse: وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِ‌ينَ (and certainly the Jahannam has the disbelievers encircled) could have two meanings. It could either mean that the Hell would encircle them in the Hereafter. Or, it could mean that the very chain of causes, which are operating to take them to Hell, and which have them all encircled at that time, are what has been equated with Hell. Given this interpretation, it would suggest that they happen to be, even now, within the larger circle of nothing but Hell.

ومِن هؤلاء المنافقين من يطلب الإذن للقعود عن الجهاد ويقول: لا توقعْني في الابتلاء بما يعرض لي في حالة الخروج من فتنة النساء. لقد سقط هؤلاء المنافقون في فتنة النفاق الكبرى. فإن جهنم لمحيطة بالكافرين بالله واليوم الآخر، فلا يُفْلِت منهم أحد.

يقول تعالى : ومن المنافقين من يقول لك يا محمد : ( ائذن لي ) في القعود ( ولا تفتني ) بالخروج معك ، بسبب الجواري من نساء الروم ، قال الله تعالى : ( ألا في الفتنة سقطوا ) أي : قد سقطوا في الفتنة بقولهم هذا . كما قال محمد بن إسحاق ، عن الزهري ، ويزيد بن رومان ، وعبد الله بن أبي بكر ، وعاصم بن عمر بن قتادة ، وغيرهم قالوا : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ذات يوم - وهو في جهازه - للجد بن قيس أخي بني سلمة : هل لك يا جد العام في جلاد بني الأصفر ؟ فقال : يا رسول الله ، أوتأذن لي ولا تفتني ، فوالله لقد عرف قومي ما رجل أشد عجبا بالنساء مني ، وإني أخشى إن رأيت نساء بني الأصفر لا أصبر عنهن . فأعرض عنه رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وقال : قد أذنت لك . ففي الجد بن قيس نزلت هذه : ( ومنهم من يقول ائذن لي ولا تفتني ) الآية ، أي : إن كان إنما يخشى من نساء بني الأصفر وليس ذلك به ، فما سقط فيه من الفتنة بتخلفه عن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - والرغبة بنفسه عن نفسه - أعظم .وهكذا روي عن ابن عباس ، ومجاهد ، وغير واحد : أنها نزلت في الجد بن قيس . وقد كان الجد بن قيس هذا من أشراف بني سلمة ، وفي الصحيح : أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال لهم : من سيدكم يا بني سلمة ؟

قالوا : الجد بن قيس ، على أنا نبخله فقال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : وأي داء أدوأ من البخل ، ولكن سيدكم الفتى الأبيض الجعد بشر بن البراء بن معرور .وقوله تعالى : ( وإن جهنم لمحيطة بالكافرين ) أي : لا محيد لهم عنها ، ولا محيص ، ولا مهرب .