Tafsir

Allah chooses Musa and gives Him the Tablets

Allah states that He spoke to Musa directly and informed him that He has chosen him above the people of his time, by His Message and by speaking to him. Here we should mention that there is no doubt that Muhammad ﷺ is the chief of all the Children of Adam, the earlier and later ones among them. This is why Allah has chosen him to be the Final and Last Prophet and Messenger, whose Law shall remain dominant and valid until the commencement of the Last Hour. Muhammad's ﷺ followers are more numerous than the followers of all Prophets and Messengers. After Muhammad ﷺ, the next in rank of honor and virtue is Ibrahim upon him be peace,, then Musa, son of `Imran, who spoke to the Most Beneficent directly. Allah commanded Musa, saying,فَخُذْ مَآ ءاتَيْتُكَ(So hold to that which I have given you), of My Speech and conversation with you,وَكُنْ مِّنَ الشَّـكِرِينَ(and be of the grateful) , for it and do not ask for what is beyond your capacity to bear. Allah stated that He has written lessons and exhortation for all things and explanations for all things on the Tablets.

It was said that in the Tablets, Allah wrote advice and the details of the commandments for lawful and prohibited matters. The Tablets contained the Tawrah, that Allah described;وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَآئِرَ لِلنَّاسِ(And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old -- the Scripture as an enlightenment for mankind)28: 43. It was also said that Allah gave Musa the Tablets before the Tawrah, and Allah knows best.

Allah said next,فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ(Hold unto these with firmness), be firm on the obedience,وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُواْ بِأَحْسَنِهَا(and enjoin your people to take the better therein.) Sufyan bin `Uyaynah said, "Abu Sa`d narrated to us from `Ikrimah from Ibn `Abbas that "Musa, peace be upon him, was commanded to adhere to the toughest of what was ordained on his people." Allah's statement,سَأُوْرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَـسِقِينَ(I shall show you the home of the rebellious), means, you will witness the recompense of those who defy My order and deviate from My obedience, the destruction, demise and utter loss they will suffer.

The last sentence is سَأُرِ‌يكُمْ دَارَ‌ الْفَاسِقِين . "I will show you the abode of the sinners". This is a kind of promise by Allah that the Israelites shall soon take over Egypt or perhaps Syria, referred to as the abode of the sinners in this verse. There are two views about the reference to the abode of the sinners. The first holds that the reference has been made to Egypt while the second takes it to refer to Syria. The difference of opinion is, in fact, based on a question whether the Israelites had returned to Egypt after the destruction of Pharaoh and his people or not. If they went back to Egypt at that time and ruled the land, as has been indicated by the verse 137 saying that Allah made the Israelites inherit the land, then, this verse definitely has referred to Syria, as the abode of the sinners. It is because, in this case, the Israelites had taken over the land of Egypt before this event of Allah's light appearing to the Mount of Sinai. In case, they did not go to Egypt after the destruction of Pharaoh, the reference may be to Egypt and Syria, both.

The phrase وَكَتَبْنَا لَهُ فِي الْأَلْوَاحِ “ And we wrote for him everything on the Tablets” makes us understand that the Torah was given to the Prophet Musa علیہ السلام inscribed or written on the Tablets. (1)(1) Another view with regard to these tablets is that these tablets were given to him prior to the revelation of the Torah and were not the part of the Torah. This has been cited by Allama Shabbir Ahmad Usmani under his comments on this verse. He has cited it from Ibn Kathir. (Translator)

وكتبنا لموسى في التوراة من كل ما يحتاج إليه في دينه من الأحكام، موعظة للازدجار والاعتبار وتفصيلا لتكاليف الحلال والحرام والأمر والنهي والقصص والعقائد والأخبار والمغيبات، قال الله له: فخذها بقوة، أي: خذ التوراة بجد واجتهاد، وأمر قومك يعملوا بما شرع الله فيها; فإن مَن أشرك منهم ومِن غيرهم فإني سأريه في الآخرة دار الفاسقين، وهي نار الله التي أعدَّها لأعدائه الخارجين عن طاعته.

ثم أخبر تعالى أنه كتب له في الألواح من كل شيء موعظة وتفصيلا لكل شيء ، قيل : كانت الألواح من جوهر ، وأن الله تعالى كتب له فيها مواعظ وأحكاما مفصلة مبينة للحلال والحرام ، وكانت هذه الألواح مشتملة على التوراة التي قال الله تعالى فيها : ( ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى بصائر للناس ) [ القصص : 43 ]وقيل : الألواح أعطيها موسى قبل التوراة ، فالله أعلم . وعلى كل تقدير كانت كالتعويض له عما سأل من الرؤية ومنع منه ، والله أعلم .وقوله : ( فخذها بقوة ) أي : بعزم على الطاعة ( وأمر قومك يأخذوا بأحسنها ) قال سفيان بن عيينة : حدثنا أبو سعد عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس قال : أمر موسى - عليه السلام - أن يأخذ بأشد ما أمر قومه .وقوله : ( سأريكم دار الفاسقين ) أي : سترون عاقبة من خالف أمري ، وخرج عن طاعتي ، كيف يصير إلى الهلاك والدمار والتباب ؟قال ابن جرير : وإنما قال : ( سأريكم دار الفاسقين ) كما يقول القائل لمن يخاطبه : " سأريك غدا إلام يصير إليه حال من خالف أمري " ، على وجه التهديد والوعيد لمن عصاه وخالف أمره .ثم نقل معنى ذلك عن مجاهد ، والحسن البصري .وقيل : معناه ( سأريكم دار الفاسقين ) أي : من أهل الشام ، وأعطيكم إياها .

وقيل : منازل قوم فرعون ، والأول أولى ، والله أعلم ; لأن هذا كان بعد انفصال موسى وقومه عن بلاد مصر ، وهو خطاب لبني إسرائيل قبل دخولهم التيه ، والله أعلم .