Tafsir

Allah chooses Musa and gives Him the Tablets

Allah states that He spoke to Musa directly and informed him that He has chosen him above the people of his time, by His Message and by speaking to him. Here we should mention that there is no doubt that Muhammad ﷺ is the chief of all the Children of Adam, the earlier and later ones among them. This is why Allah has chosen him to be the Final and Last Prophet and Messenger, whose Law shall remain dominant and valid until the commencement of the Last Hour. Muhammad's ﷺ followers are more numerous than the followers of all Prophets and Messengers. After Muhammad ﷺ, the next in rank of honor and virtue is Ibrahim upon him be peace,, then Musa, son of `Imran, who spoke to the Most Beneficent directly. Allah commanded Musa, saying,فَخُذْ مَآ ءاتَيْتُكَ(So hold to that which I have given you), of My Speech and conversation with you,وَكُنْ مِّنَ الشَّـكِرِينَ(and be of the grateful) , for it and do not ask for what is beyond your capacity to bear. Allah stated that He has written lessons and exhortation for all things and explanations for all things on the Tablets.

It was said that in the Tablets, Allah wrote advice and the details of the commandments for lawful and prohibited matters. The Tablets contained the Tawrah, that Allah described;وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَآئِرَ لِلنَّاسِ(And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old -- the Scripture as an enlightenment for mankind)28: 43. It was also said that Allah gave Musa the Tablets before the Tawrah, and Allah knows best.

Allah said next,فَخُذْهَا بِقُوَّةٍ(Hold unto these with firmness), be firm on the obedience,وَأْمُرْ قَوْمَكَ يَأْخُذُواْ بِأَحْسَنِهَا(and enjoin your people to take the better therein.) Sufyan bin `Uyaynah said, "Abu Sa`d narrated to us from `Ikrimah from Ibn `Abbas that "Musa, peace be upon him, was commanded to adhere to the toughest of what was ordained on his people." Allah's statement,سَأُوْرِيكُمْ دَارَ الْفَـسِقِينَ(I shall show you the home of the rebellious), means, you will witness the recompense of those who defy My order and deviate from My obedience, the destruction, demise and utter loss they will suffer.

The Speech of Allah:The fact that Allah spoke directly to the Prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) is confirmed by the Qur'an in clear terms. The first time Allah spoke with the Prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) was when he was entrusted with Prophethood. This is the second time at the occasion of giving him the Torah that He spoke to him. The wording of the present verse indicates that this later discourse of Allah had some additional characteristics as compared to the first speech of Allah.

As to the question what was the nature and character of this discourse, cannot be ascertained by anyone but Allah. Only those logical suppositions, in this regard, can be allowed which do not go against any rule of the Shari` ah. None of such views can be accepted as being definite unless supported by some valid argument. The best practice, in this regard, is the one followed by the Companions, their disciples, and the elders who followed them. They left such matters to Allah and never tried to make ungrounded supposition to resolve them. (Bayan al-Qur'an).

قال الله يا موسى: إني اخترتك على الناس برسالاتي إلى خلقي الذين أرسلتك إليهم وبكلامي إياك مِن غير وساطة، فخذ ما أعطيتك مِن أمري ونهيي، وتمسَّك به، واعمل به، وكن من الشاكرين لله تعالى على ما آتاك من رسالته، وخصَّك بكلامه.

يذكر تعالى أنه خاطب موسى عليه السلام بأنه اصطفاه على عالمي زمانه برسالاته وبكلامه تعالى ولا شك أن محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم سيد ولد آدم من الأولين والآخرين ; ولهذا اختصه الله بأن جعله خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين ، التي تستمر شريعته إلى قيام الساعة ، وأتباعه أكثر من أتباع سائر الأنبياء والمرسلين كلهم ، وبعده في الشرف والفضل إبراهيم الخليل ، عليه السلام ، ثم موسى بن عمران كليم الرحمن ، عليه السلام ; ولهذا قال الله تعالى له : ( ( 145 ) فخذ ما آتيتك ) أي : من الكلام والوحي والمناجاة ( وكن من الشاكرين ) أي : على ذلك ، ولا تطلب ما لا طاقة لك به .