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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

At-Tawbah 9:120

Word by word

مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُوا۟ عَن رَّسُولِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُوا۟ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ عَن نَّفْسِهِۦ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَطَـُٔونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ ٱلْكُفَّارَ وَلَا يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَّيْلًا إِلَّا كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عَمَلٌ صَـٰلِحٌ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ

It was not [proper] for the people of Madīnah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allāh or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allāh, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that it is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allāh does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Rewards of Jihad

Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, criticizes the people of Al-Madinah and the bedouins around it, who did not participate in the battle of Tabuk with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They sought to preserve themselves rather than comfort the Messenger ﷺ during the hardship that he suffered in that battle.

They incurred a loss in their share of the reward, since,لاَ يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ(they suffer neither Zama'), thirst,وَلاَ نَصَبٌ(nor Nasab), fatigue,وَلاَ مَخْمَصَةٌ(nor Makhmasah), hunger,وَلاَ يَطَأُونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ(nor they take any step to raise the anger of disbelievers), by strategies of war that would terrify their enemy,وَلاَ يَنَالُونَ(nor inflict), a defeat on the enemy,إِلاَّ كُتِبَ لَهُمْ(but is written to their credit) as compensation for these steps that are not under their control, but a consequence of performing good deeds that earn them tremendous rewards,إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ(Surely, Allah wastes not the reward of the doers of good.) Allah said in a similar Ayah,إِنَّا لاَ نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلاً(Certainly We shall not make the reward of anyone who does his (righteous) deeds in the most perfect manner to be lost)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

The two verses cited above admonish those who missed to join the expedition of Tabuk for no valid reason. They have also been told that they did what was not proper. Then the verses describe the merits of people who take part in Jihad and tell us about the great rewards they get for everything they do there. Included here is the causing of hurt or loss to the enemy and the using of a strategy that infuriates the adversary. All these are good deeds, and worthy of thawab (reward from Allah).

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

ما كان ينبغي لأهل مدينة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ومَن حولهم من سكان البادية أن يتخلَّفوا في أهلهم ودورهم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولا يرضوا لأنفسهم بالراحة والرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم في تعب ومشقة; ذلك بأنهم لا يصيبهم في سفرهم وجهادهم عطش ولا تعب ولا مجاعة في سبيل الله، ولا يطؤون أرضًا يُغضِبُ الكفارَ وطؤهم إياها، ولا يصيبون مِن عدو الله وعدوهم قتلا أو هزيمةً إلا كُتِب لهم بذلك كله ثواب عمل صالح. إن الله لا يضيع أجر المحسنين الذين أحسنوا في مبادرتهم إلى أمر الله، وقيامهم بما عليهم من حقه، وحق خلقه.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

يعاتب تعالى المتخلفين عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في غزوة تبوك ، من أهل المدينة ومن حولها من أحياء العرب ، ورغبتهم بأنفسهم عن مواساته فيما حصل من المشقة ، فإنهم نقصوا أنفسهم من الأجر ؛ لأنهم ( لا يصيبهم ظمأ ) وهو : العطش ( ولا نصب ) وهو : التعب ( ولا مخمصة ) وهي : المجاعة ( ولا يطئون موطئا يغيظ الكفار ) أي : ينزلون منزلا يرهب عدوهم ( ولا ينالون ) منه ظفرا وغلبة عليه إلا كتب الله لهم بهذه الأعمال التي ليست داخلة تحت قدرتهم ، وإنما هي ناشئة عن أفعالهم ، أعمالا صالحة وثوابا جزيلا ( إن الله لا يضيع أجر المحسنين ) كما قال تعالى : ( إنا لا نضيع أجر من أحسن عملا ) [ الكهف : 30 ] .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.