Tafsir

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ(And every Ummah has), meaning, each generation and nation, أَجَلٌ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمْ(its appointed term; when their term comes) which they were destined for, لاَ يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً وَلاَ يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ(neither can they delay it nor can they advance it an hour (or a moment)). Allah then warned the Children of Adam that He sent to them Messengers who conveyed to them His Ayat. Allah also conveyed good news, as well as warning, فَمَنِ اتَّقَى وَأَصْلَحَ(then whosoever has Taqwa and becomes righteous) by abandoning the prohibitions and performing acts of obedience, فَلاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَوَالَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا وَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ عَنْهَآ(on them shall be no fear nor shall they grieve. But those who reject Our Ayat and treat them with arrogance,) meaning, their hearts denied the Ayat and they were too arrogant to abide by them, أُولَـئِكَ أَصْحَـبُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـلِدُونَ(they are the dwellers of the Fire, they will abide therein forever.) without end to their dwelling in it.

The first and the second verse both mentioned two crimes committed by disbelievers. They took Halal as Haram and made the Haram become Halal for themselves by themselves. The third verse (34) describes their sad end and the punishment they would have in the Hereafter. It was said:وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلٌ ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُ‌ونَ سَاعَةً ۖ وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ(And for every people there is an appointed time. So, when their appointed time comes, they will not be late for a moment, nor will they go before).

In other words, what is being said here is that those committing excesses who, despite their contumacy, are basking in the sunshine of the blessings of Allah Ta` ala, and do not seem to be anywhere close to being punished, they should not lose sight of the customary practice of Allah that He, in His infinite mercy, keeps granting a long leash to sinners so that they would somehow stop doing what they do. But, the term of this leash and the time of this respite stands determined in the ultimate knowledge of Allah Ta` ala. When that time comes, it just comes - neither too late nor too soon. Thus, criminals are caught in punishment. At times, the punishment descends right here in this world - and if, the punishment does not visit them here, it waits to receive them soon after their death.

As for the appointed time not being late or early as stated in this verse, it is a manner of saying, something like saying to a salesperson in a store: at is your last price, more or less? It is obvious that the inquiry is for the lower price, not the higher. But, it is put there as a subordinate suffix. Similarly, the real objective here is to state that there will be no delay after the appointed time. The mention of ` before' along with ` late' makes it closer to common comprehension.

يا بني آدم إذا جاءكم رسلي من أقوامكم، يتلون عليكم آيات كتابي، ويبينون لكم البراهين على صدق ما جاؤوكم به فأطيعوهم، فإنه من اتقى سخطي وأصلح عمله فلا خوف عليهم يوم القيامة من عقاب الله تعالى، ولا هم يحزنون على ما فاتهم من حظوظ الدنيا.

ثم أنذر تعالى بني آدم بأنه سيبعث إليهم رسلا يقصون عليهم آياته ، وبشر وحذر فقال : ( فمن اتقى وأصلح ) أي : ترك المحرمات وفعل الطاعات ( فلا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون)