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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-A'raf 7:171

Word by word

۞ وَإِذْ نَتَقْنَا ٱلْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ كَأَنَّهُۥ ظُلَّةٌ وَظَنُّوٓا۟ أَنَّهُۥ وَاقِعٌۢ بِهِمْ خُذُوا۟ مَآ ءَاتَيْنَـٰكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ مَا فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ

And [mention] when We raised the mountain above them as if it was a dark cloud and they were certain that it would fall upon them, [and Allāh said], "Take what We have given you with determination and remember what is in it that you might fear Allāh."

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Raising Mount Tur over the Jews, because of Their Rebellion`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas commented on the Ayah, وَإِذ نَتَقْنَا الْجَبَلَ فَوْقَهُمْ(And (remember) when We Nataqna the mountain over them), "We raised the mountain, as Allah's other statement testifies, وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ بِمِيثَـقِهِمْ(And for their covenant, We raised over them the mountain) 4:154." Also, Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated that Al-A`mash said that, Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, "The angels raised the Mount over their heads, as reiterated by Allah's statement, وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ(We raised over them the mountain) 4:154." Al-Qasim bin Abi Ayyub narrated that Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn `Abbas said, "Musa later on proceeded with them to the Sacred Land. He took along the Tablets, after his anger subsided, and commanded them to adhere to the orders that Allah ordained to be delivered to them.

But these orders became heavy on them and they did not want to implement them until Allah raised the mountain over them, كَأَنَّهُ ظُلَّةٌ(as if it had been a canopy), that is, when the angels raised the mountain over their heads." An-Nasa'i collected it.

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

The next verse (171) described another incident of the Israelites when they were forced to promise their obedience to the law of the Torah. It has also been mentioned in the Surah al-Baqarah. The Arabic word نَتَقنَا signifies drawing or lifting up. In the Surah al-Baqarah the word رَفَعنَا has been used which denotes the act of raising up. Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ has therefore, taken the word نَتَقنَا to signify raising high. The Arabic word ظُلَّہ 'Zullah' means a sunshade or a canopy.

The verse refers to the time when the Prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) came back from the mount of Sinai with the book of Torah. They found therein many injunctions which they thought were difficult for them, to follow. They started showing their unwillingness for obeying those commandments. Allah commanded the Archangel Jibra'i1 (علیہ السلام) to raise the Mount of Sinai upon their town. The area of this town is reported to have been three square miles. When the mount of Sinai was hanged over their heads they fell down prostrating themselves out of fear and promised their obedience to the Law of Moses (the Torah). The future events, however, witnessed their deviation from the Law every now and again.

No compulsion in Faith

The above incident gives rise to a question. Why the Israelites were forced to make a promise of their obedience while the Holy Qur'an has declared لَا إِكْرَ‌اهَ فِي الدِّينِ "There is no compulsion in Faith?" (2:256) The answer is quite simple. None of the disbelievers has ever been forced to accept faith, nor any one is allowed to use force for this purpose. However, those who have already entered the covenant of faith out of their free will and, later, deviate from the commandments of Allah just for avoiding their commitments, shall essentially be forced to abide by the rules and regulations of the Law. In case of deviation from their duty they must be held liable to punishments prescribed by the Law. This is what exactly happened in this incident. They had already believed in Allah and in His Prophet and had entered the covenant of Faith. What they did was to deny from obeying the Law of the Torah and rightly were forced to fulfill their commitment.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

واذكر -أيها الرسول- إذ رفعنا الجبل فوق بني إسرائيل كأنه سحابة تظلهم، وأيقنوا أنه واقع بهم إن لم يقبلوا أحكام التوراة، وقلنا لهم: خذوا ما آتيناكم بقوة، أي اعملوا بما أعطيناكم باجتهاد منكم، واذكروا ما في كتابنا من العهود والمواثيق التي أخذناها عليكم بالعمل بما فيه; كي تتقوا ربكم فتنجوا من عقابه.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس قوله : ( وإذ نتقنا الجبل فوقهم ) يقول : رفعناه ، وهو قوله : ( ورفعنا فوقهم الطور بميثاقهم ) [ النساء : 154 ]وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن الأعمش ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ، رفعته الملائكة فوق رءوسهم .وقال القاسم بن أبي أيوب ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس قال : ثم سار بهم موسى ، عليه السلام ، متوجها نحو الأرض المقدسة ، وأخذ الألواح بعد ما سكت عنه الغضب ، فأمرهم بالذي أمره الله تعالى [ به ] - أن يبلغهم من الوظائف ، فثقلت عليهم ، وأبوا أن يقربوها حتى ينتق الله الجبل فوقهم كأنه ظلة ، قال : رفعته الملائكة فوق رءوسهم . رواه النسائي بطولهوقال سنيد بن داود في تفسيره ، عن حجاج بن محمد ، عن أبي بكر بن عبد الله قال : هذا كتاب ، أتقبلونه بما فيه ، فإن فيه بيان ما أحل لكم وما حرم عليكم ، وما أمركم وما نهاكم ؟ قالوا : انشر علينا ما فيها ، فإن كانت فرائضها يسيرة ، وحدودها خفيفة قبلناها . قال : اقبلوها بما فيها . قالوا : لا حتى نعلم ما فيها ، كيف حدودها وفرائضها ؟ فراجعوا موسى مرارا ، فأوحى الله إلى الجبل فانقلع فارتفع في السماء ، حتى إذا كان بين رءوسهم وبين السماء قال لهم موسى : ألا ترون ما يقول ربي ، عز وجل ؟ لئن لم تقبلوا التوراة بما فيها ، لأرمينكم بهذا الجبل .

قال : فحدثني الحسن البصري قال : لما نظروا إلى الجبل خر كل رجل ساجدا على حاجبه الأيسر ، ونظر بعينه اليمنى إلى الجبل ، فرقا من أن يسقط [ عليه ] فكذلك ليس اليوم في الأرض يهودي يسجد إلا على حاجبه الأيسر ، يقولون : هذه السجدة التي رفعت بها العقوبة . قال أبو بكر : فلما نشر الألواح فيها كتاب الله كتبه بيده ، لم يبق على وجه الأرض جبل ولا شجر ولا حجر إلا اهتز ، فليس اليوم يهودي على وجه الأرض صغير ، ولا كبير ، تقرأ عليه التوراة إلا اهتز ونفض لها رأسه . [ أي : حرك كما قال تعالى : ( فسينغضون إليك رءوسهم ) [ الإسراء : 51 ] أي يحركونها ]

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.