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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Ar-Rum 30:23

Word by word

وَمِنْ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦ مَنَامُكُم بِٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَٱبْتِغَآؤُكُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦٓ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ

And of His signs is your sleep by night and day and your seeking of His bounty. Indeed in that are signs for a people who listen.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged) English Ma'arif al-Qur'an English Tafsir Muyassar Arabic Tafsir Ibn Kathir Arabic All sources

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وَمِنْ ءَايَـتِهِ(And among His signs) indicating His magnificent power.خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالأَرْضَ(is the creation of the heavens and the earth,) The heavens with their vast height and brightness and beauty of the stars and planets, and the earth with its density and its mountains, valleys, seas, plains, animals and trees.وَاخْتِلَـفُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ(and the difference of your languages) So, we see that some speak Arabic, and the Tatars have their own language, as do the Georgians, Romans, Franks, Berbers, Tou Couleurs (of Sudan), Ethiopians, Indians, Persians, Slavs, Khazars, Armenians, Kurds and others. Only Allah knows the variety of languages spoken among the sons of Adam.

And the difference of their colors mentioned here refers to their appearance, for all the people of this world, from the time that Allah created Adam, and until the Hour begins, each of them has two eyes, two eyebrows, a nose, a forehead, a mouth and two cheeks, but none of them looks like another; there is bound to be some difference in posture, appearance and speech, whether it is apparent or is hidden and can only be noticed with careful observation.

Each face has its own characteristics and does not look like another; even if there was a group of people who looked alike, having a beautiful or ugly characteristic in common, there would still be a difference between one person and the next.إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لأَيَـتٍ لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ(Verily, in that are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge.)وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ مَنَامُكُم بِالَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَابْتِغَآؤُكُمْ مِّن فَضْلِهِ(And among His signs is your sleep by night and by day, and your seeking of His bounty.) Among His signs is the cycle of sleep that He has created during the night and the day, when people are able to cease moving and rest, so that their tiredness and exhaustion will go away. And He has enabled you to seek to earn a living and to travel about during the day, this is the opposite of sleep.إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ(Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who listen.) meaning, understand.

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Fourth sign of divine omnipotence

Human sleep and economic activities both in daytime and at night have been mentioned in verse 32 as the fourth sign of Allah's omnipotence. Unlike some other verses, both night and day have been mentioned in this verse as times of sleep; similarly, economic activities are mentioned as activities performed both in daytime and at night. In other verses, sleep is described as something done at night, and earning of sustenance as an act of daytime. The reason is that the major purpose of night is to sleep, and some economic activities are also performed as a secondary function. The case of daytime is the opposite, where the major objective is to work, while a little time may be spent in having rest and sleeping. Therefore, both descriptions are correct. Some commentators have tried to interpret this verse in a way that sleep becomes restricted to night and earning of sustenance to daytime, as mentioned in other verses. However, in the light of explanation given above, such a labored interpretation is not called for.

Sleep and economic activity is not against asceticism and trust in Allah

It is evident from this verse that sleeping at night and working at daytime is made a natural habit for the humans. It is not something that one has to cultivate, but is a natural gift bestowed by Allah Ta’ ala to all His creatures. The point can be proven by the fact that one cannot sleep at times despite making all possible arrangements for the comfort. Sometimes even the sleeping pills become ineffective. But on the other hand, when Allah wills, people go to sleep even on hard floors amidst severe hot and oppressive conditions.

The same principle applies to earning of sustenance. It is a common knowledge that two persons having equal opportunities, knowledge and intellect, and putting in equal efforts and skill for earning their livelihood, do not necessarily succeed equally. One earns more than the other, because it is decreed as such by Allah's wisdom. Therefore, one should try to earn the living through all the means available to him, but should not ignore the reality that the outcome of his endeavours depends on the will of Allah, as He is the real provider.

At the end of this sign of divine omnipotence it is saidإِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ (Surely in this there are signs for a people who listen - 30:23) Perhaps dependence on listening is placed here because it is commonly seen that the sleep takes over once one lays down in comfort. Similarly, one earns his living by putting in effort and labour in trade, services etc. But the hand of nature in their attainment is not seen by the ordinary eye. This fact is described and explained by the prophets of Allah. Hence it is said that these signs are beneficial for those who listen with care, and once the reality is understood, they accept it without obstinacy.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

ومن دلائل هذه القدرة أن جعل الله النوم راحة لكم في الليل أو النهار; إذ في النوم حصول الراحة وذهاب التعب، وجعل لكم النهار تنتشرون فيه لطلب الرزق، إن في ذلك لدلائل على كمال قدرة الله ونفوذ مشيئته لقوم يسمعون المواعظ سماع تأمل وتفكر واعتبار.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

أي : ومن الآيات ما جعل لكم من صفة النوم في الليل والنهار ، فيه تحصل الراحة وسكون الحركة ، وذهاب الكلال والتعب ، وجعل لكم الانتشار والسعي في الأسباب والأسفار في النهار ، وهذا ضد النوم ، ( إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يسمعون ) أي : يعون .قال الطبراني : حدثنا حجاج بن عمران السدوسي ، حدثنا عمرو بن الحصين العقيلي ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن علاثة ، حدثني ثور بن يزيد ، عن خالد بن معدان ، سمعت عبد الملك بن مروان يحدث عن أبيه ، عن زيد بن ثابت ، رضي الله عنه ، قال : أصابني أرق من الليل ، فشكوت ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : " قل : اللهم غارت النجوم ، وهدأت العيون ، وأنت حي قيوم ، يا حي يا قيوم ، [ أنم عيني و ] أهدئ ليلي " فقلتها فذهب عني .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.