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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Hajj 22:11

Word by word

وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَعْبُدُ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ حَرْفٍ ۖ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهُۥ خَيْرٌ ٱطْمَأَنَّ بِهِۦ ۖ وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ ٱنقَلَبَ عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِۦ خَسِرَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَٱلْـَٔاخِرَةَ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلْخُسْرَانُ ٱلْمُبِينُ

And of the people is he who worships Allāh on an edge. If he is touched by good, he is reassured by it; but if he is struck by trial, he turns on his face [to unbelief]. He has lost [this] world and the Hereafter. That is what is the manifest loss.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The meaning of worshipping Allah as it were upon the edge

Mujahid, Qatadah and others said:عَلَى حَرْفٍ(upon the edge) means, in doubt. Others said that it meant on the edge, such as on the edge or side of a mountain, i.e., (this person) enters Islam on the edge, and if he finds what he likes he will continue, otherwise he will leave. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said:وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ(And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon the edge.) "People would come to Al-Madinah to declare their Islam and if their wives gave birth to sons and their mares gave birth to foals, they would say, `This is a good religion,' but if their wives and their mares did not give birth, they would say, `This is a bad religion."' Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "One of them would come to Al-Madinah, which was a land that was infected with a contagious disease.

If he remained healthy there, and his mare foaled and his wife gave birth to a boy, he would be content, and would say, `I have not experienced anything but good since I started to follow this religion."وَإِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ(but if a Fitnah strikes him), Fitnah here means affliction, i.e., if the disease of Al-Madinah befalls him, and his wife gives birth to a babe girl and charity is delayed in coming to him, the Shaytan comes to him and says: `By Allah, since you started to follow this religion of yours, you have experienced nothing but bad things,' and this is the Fitnah." This was also mentioned by Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Ibn Jurayj and others among the Salaf when explaining this Ayah. Mujahid said, concerning the Ayah:انْقَلَبَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ(he turns back on his face.) "(This means), he becomes an apostate and a disbeliever."خَسِرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالاٌّخِرَةَ(He loses both this world and the Hereafter.) means, he does not gain anything in this world. As for the Hereafter, he has disbelieved in Allah the Almighty, so he will be utterly doomed and humiliated.

So Allah says:ذلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَنُ الْمُبِينُ(That is the evident loss.), i.e., the greatest loss and the losing deal.يَدْعُو مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لاَ يَضُرُّهُ وَمَا لاَ يَنفَعُهُ(He calls besides Allah unto that which can neither harm him nor profit him.) means, the idols, rivals, and false gods which he calls upon for help, support and provision -- they can neither benefit him nor harm him.ذلِكَ هُوَ الضَّلاَلُ الْبَعِيدُ(That is a straying far away.)يَدْعُو لَمَنْ ضَرُّهُ أَقْرَبُ مِن نَّفْعِهِ(He calls unto him whose harm is nearer than his profit;) means, he is more likely to harm him than benefit him in this world, and in the Hereafter he will most certainly cause him harm.لَبِئْسَ الْمَوْلَى وَلَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ(certainly an evil Mawla and certainly an evil `Ashir!) Mujahid said, "This means the idols." The meaning is: "How evil a friend is this one upon whom he calls instead of Allah as a helper and supporter."وَلَبِئْسَ الْعَشِيرُ(and certainly an evil `Ashir!) means the one with whom one mixes and spends one's time.

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary(And among men there is one who worships Allah (standing) on the verge - 22:11.) Bukhari and Ibn Abi Haim have related from Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ that when the Holy Prophet ﷺ migrated to Madinah, people flocked to him and accepted the new religion. But there were some among them whose conversion to Islam was far from being genuine, and whose sole motive for their action was to seek self-advancement, and they lacked conviction. If, after becoming Muslims, favorable circumstances resulted in an increase in their prosperity and their children, they thought Islam was a very good religion, but they were equally ready to condemn it if things went against their personal interests. This verse was revealed to describe such people who were mere opportunists and were easily swayed either way depending on where their selfish interests lay.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

ومن الناس مَن يدخل في الإسلام على ضعف وشكٍّ، فيعبد الله على تردد، كالذي يقف على طرف جبل أو حائط لا يتماسك في وقفته، ويربط إيمانه بدنياه، فإن عاش في صحة وسَعَة استمر على عبادته، وإن حصل له ابتلاء بمكروه وشدة عزا شؤم ذلك إلى دينه، فرجع عنه كمن ينقلب على وجهه بعد استقامة، فهو بذلك قد خسر الدنيا؛ إذ لا يغيِّر كفرُه ما قُدِّر له في دنياه، وخسر الآخرة بدخوله النار، وذلك خسران بيِّن واضح. يعبد ذلك الخاسر من دون الله ما لا يضره إن تركه، ولا ينفعه إذا عبده، ذلك هو الضلال البعيد عن الحق. يدعو مَن ضررُه المحقق أقرب من نفعه، قبح ذلك المعبود نصيرًا، وقبح عشيرًا.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

قال مجاهد ، وقتادة ، وغيرهما : ( على حرف ) : على شك .وقال غيرهم : على طرف . ومنه حرف الجبل ، أي : طرفه ، أي : دخل في الدين على طرف ، فإن وجد ما يحبه استقر ، وإلا انشمر .وقال البخاري : حدثنا إبراهيم بن الحارث ، حدثنا يحيى بن أبي بكير ، حدثنا إسرائيل ، عن أبي حصين ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس ( ومن الناس من يعبد الله على حرف ) قال : كان الرجل يقدم المدينة ، فإن ولدت امرأته غلاما ، ونتجت خيله ، قال : هذا دين صالح . وإن لم تلد امرأته ، ولم تنتج خيله قال : هذا دين سوء .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا علي بن الحسين ، حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الرحمن ، حدثني أبي ، عن أبيه ، عن أشعث بن إسحاق القمي ، عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس قال : كان ناس من الأعراب يأتون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيسلمون ، فإذا رجعوا إلى بلادهم ، فإن وجدوا عام غيث وعام خصب وعام ولاد حسن ، قالوا : " إن ديننا هذا لصالح ، فتمسكوا به " . وإن وجدوا عام جدوبة وعام ولاد سوء وعام قحط ، قالوا : " ما في ديننا هذا خير " .

فأنزل الله على نبيه : ( ومن الناس من يعبد الله على حرف فإن أصابه خير اطمأن به وإن أصابته فتنة انقلب على وجهه ) .وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : كان أحدهم إذا قدم المدينة ، وهي أرض وبيئة ، فإن صح بها جسمه ، ونتجت فرسه مهرا حسنا ، وولدت امرأته غلاما رضي به واطمأن إليه ، وقال : " ما أصبت منذ كنت على ديني هذا إلا خيرا " . وإن أصابته فتنة - والفتنة : البلاء - أي : وإن أصابه وجع المدينة ، وولدت امرأته جارية ، وتأخرت عنه الصدقة ، أتاه الشيطان فقال : والله ما أصبت منذ كنت على دينك هذا إلا شرا . وذلك الفتنة .وهكذا ذكر قتادة ، والضحاك ، وابن جريج ، وغير واحد من السلف ، في تفسير هذه الآية .وقال عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم : هو المنافق ، إن صلحت له دنياه أقام على العبادة ، وإن فسدت عليه دنياه وتغيرت ، انقلب فلا يقيم على العبادة إلا لما صلح من دنياه ، فإن أصابته فتنة أو شدة أو اختبار أو ضيق ، ترك دينه ورجع إلى الكفر .وقال مجاهد في قوله : ( انقلب على وجهه ) أي : ارتد كافرا .وقوله : ( خسر الدنيا والآخرة ) أي : فلا هو حصل من الدنيا على شيء ، وأما الآخرة فقد كفر بالله العظيم ، فهو فيها في غاية الشقاء والإهانة; ولهذا قال : ( ذلك هو الخسران المبين ) أي : هذه هي الخسارة العظيمة ، والصفقة الخاسرة .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.