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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Baqarah 2:226

Word by word

لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ ۖ فَإِن فَآءُو فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

For those who swear not to have sexual relations with their wives is a waiting time of four months, but if they return [to normal relations] - then indeed, Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Ila' and its Rulings

Ila' is a type of vow where a man swears not to sleep with his wife for a certain period, whether less or more than four months. If the vow of Ila' was for less than four months, the man has to wait for the vow's period to end and then is allowed to have sexual intercourse with his wife. She has to be patient and she cannot ask her husband, in this case, to end his vow before the end of its term. It is reported in the Two Sahihs that `A'ishah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ swore he would stay away from with his wives for a month. He then came down after twenty-nine days saying:«الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُون»(The (lunar) month is twenty-nine days.)Similar was narrated by `Umar bin Al-Khattab and reported in the Two Sahihs. If the period of Ila' is for more than four months, the wife is allowed in this case to ask her husband, upon the end of the four months, to end the Ila' and have sexual relations with her. Otherwise, he should divorce her, by being forced to do so by the authorities if necessary, so that the wife is not harmed.

Allah said:لِّلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِن نِّسَآئِهِمْ(Those who take an oath not to have sexual relations with their wives) meaning, swear not to have sexual relations with the wife. This Ayah indicates that the Ila' involves the wife and not a slave-women, as the majority of the scholars have agreed,تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ(...must wait for four months,) meaning, the husband waits for four months from the time of the vow and then ends the Ila' (if the vow was for four or more months) and is required to either return to his wife or divorce her. This is why Allah said next:فَإِن فَآءُوا(...then if they return,) meaning, to a normal relationship, having sexual intercourse with the wife. This is the Tafsir of Ibn `Abbas, Masruq, Ash-Sha`bi, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ibn Jarir.فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ(...verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) with any shortcomings that occurred in the rights of the wife because of the vow of Ila'.

Allah said:وَإِنْ عَزَمُواْ الطَّلَـقَ(And if they decide upon divorce,) indicating that divorce does not occur by merely passing the four month mark (during the Ila'). Malik reported from Nafi` that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, "If the man swears to Ila' from his wife, then divorce does not occur automatically even after the four months have passed. When he stops at the four months mark, he should either divorce or return." Al-Bukhari also reported this Hadith. Ibn Jarir reported that Suhayl bin Abu Salih said that his father said, "I asked twelve Companions about the man who does Ila' with his wife. They all stated that he does not have to do anything until the four months have passed and then has to either retain or divorce her." Ad-Daraqutni also reported this from Suhayl.

It is also reported from `Umar, `Uthman, `Ali, Abu Ad-Darda', `A'ishah, Ibn `Umar and Ibn `Abbas. This is also the opinion of Sa`id bin Musayyib, `Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz, Mujahid, Tawus, Muhammad bin Ka`b and Al-Qasim.

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Note:If someone takes an oath that he will not have sexual intercourse with his wife, the case has four situations:(A) No time-limit was fixed.(B) A time-limit of four months was fixed.(C) A time-limit of more than four months was fixed.(D) The limit was identified as less than four months.

So, situations A, B and C are termed in Shari` ah as 'Ild' (ایلاء ). The injunction covering these situations is: If the oath-taker breaks his oath within four months and resumes sexual intercourse with his wife, he will have to come up with kaffarah کَفَّارہ for his oath while his nikah (marriage) remains intact. And should it be that the time-limit of four months did expire and the oath-taker did not break his oath, an irrevocable divorce on his wife will become effective, that is, taking her back without remarriage does not remain correct any more. However, if they, by mutual consent, enter into marriage this will be correct. Halalah حلالہ (an intermediary marriage of the woman with a third person) is not required. The injunction in the fourth situation is: If the oath is broken, kaffarah کَفَّارہ will be required and if the oath is completed, the marriage, even then, will remain valid. (Bayan al-Qur°an)

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

للذين يحلفون بالله أن لا يجامعوا نساءهم، انتظار أربعة أشهر، فإن رجعوا قبل فوات الأشهر الأربعة، فإن الله غفور لما وقع منهم من الحلف بسبب رجوعهم، رحيم بهم.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

الإيلاء : الحلف ، فإذا حلف الرجل ألا يجامع زوجته مدة ، فلا يخلو : إما أن يكون أقل من أربعة أشهر ، أو أكثر منها ، فإن كانت أقل ، فله أن ينتظر انقضاء المدة ثم يجامع امرأته ، وعليها أن تصبر ، وليس لها مطالبته بالفيئة في هذه المدة ، وهذا كما ثبت في الصحيحين عن عائشة : أن رسول الله آلى من نسائه شهرا ، فنزل لتسع وعشرين ، وقال : " الشهر تسع وعشرون " ولهما عن عمر بن الخطاب نحوه . فأما إن زادت المدة على أربعة أشهر ، فللزوجة مطالبة الزوج عند انقضاء أربعة أشهر : إما أن يفيء أي : يجامع وإما أن يطلق ، فيجبره الحاكم على هذا أو هذا لئلا يضر بها . ولهذا قال تعالى : ( للذين يؤلون أي : يحلفون على ترك الجماع من نسائهم ، فيه دلالة على أن الإيلاء يختص بالزوجات دون الإماء كما هو مذهب الجمهور . تربص أربعة أشهر أي : ينتظر الزوج أربعة أشهر من حين الحلف ، ثم يوقف ويطالب بالفيئة أو الطلاق .

ولهذا قال : فإن فاءوا أي : رجعوا إلى ما كانوا عليه ، وهو كناية عن الجماع ، قاله ابن عباس ، ومسروق والشعبي ، وسعيد بن جبير ، وغير واحد ، ومنهم ابن جرير رحمه الله فإن الله غفور رحيم أي : لما سلف من التقصير في حقهن بسبب اليمين .وقوله : ( فإن فاءوا فإن الله غفور رحيم فيه دلالة لأحد قولي العلماء وهو القديم عن الشافعي : أن المولي إذا فاء بعد الأربعة الأشهر أنه لا كفارة عليه . ويعتضد بما تقدم في الآية التي قبلها ، عن عمرو بن شعيب ، عن أبيه عن جده أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " من حلف على يمين فرأى غيرها خيرا منها فتركها كفارتها " كما رواه أحمد وأبو داود والذي عليه الجمهور وهو الجديد من مذهب الشافعي أن عليه الكفارة لعموم وجوب التكفير على كل حالف ، كما تقدم أيضا في الأحاديث الصحاح . والله أعلم .وقد ذكر الفقهاء وغيرهم في مناسبة تأجيل المولي بأربعة أشهر الأثر الذي رواه الإمام مالك بن أنس ، رحمه الله ، في الموطأ ، عن عمرو بن دينار قال : خرج عمر بن الخطاب من الليل فسمع امرأة تقول :تطاول هذا الليل واسود جانبه وأرقني ألا خليل ألاعبه فوالله لولا الله أني أراقبهلحرك من هذا السرير جوانبهفسأل عمر ابنته حفصة ، رضي الله عنها : كم أكثر ما تصبر المرأة عن زوجها ؟ فقالت : ستة أشهر أو أربعة أشهر .

فقال عمر : لا أحبس أحدا من الجيوش أكثر من ذلك .وقال : محمد بن إسحاق ، عن السائب بن جبير ، مولى ابن عباس وكان قد أدرك أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ما زلت أسمع حديث عمر أنه خرج ذات ليلة يطوف بالمدينة ، وكان يفعل ذلك كثيرا ; إذ مر بامرأة من نساء العرب مغلقة بابها [ وهي ] تقول .تطاول هذا الليل وازور جانبه وأرقني ألا ضجيع ألاعبهألاعبه طورا وطورا كأنما بدا قمرا في ظلمة الليل حاجبهيسر به من كان يلهو بقربه لطيف الحشا لا يحتويه أقاربهفوالله لولا الله لا شيء غيره لنقض من هذا السرير جوانبهولكنني أخشى رقيبا موكلا ا بأنفسنا لا يفتر الدهر كاتبهثم ذكر بقية ذلك كما تقدم ، أو نحوه . وقد روى هذا من طرق ، وهو من المشهورات .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.