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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Study the Quran

Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Kahf 18:90

Word by word

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَطْلِعَ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ لَّمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُم مِّن دُونِهَا سِتْرًا

Until, when he came to the rising of the sun [i.e., the east], he found it rising on a people for whom We had not made against it any shield.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

His Journey East

Allah tells us that Dhul-Qarnayn then traveled from the west of the earth towards the east. Every time he passed a nation, he subjugated the people and called them to Allah. If they obeyed him, all well and good, otherwise he would humiliate them and take their wealth and possessions. From every nation he took what his armies needed to fight the next nation. When he reached the place where the sun rises, as Allah says,وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ(he found it rising on a people) meaning a nation,لَّمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُمْ مِّن دُونِهَا سِتْراً(for whom We (Allah) had provided no shelter against the sun.) meaning, they had no buildings or trees to cover them and shade them from the heat of the sun. Qatadah said, "It was mentioned to us that they were in a land where nothing grew, so when the sun rose they would go into tunnels until it had passed its zenith, then they would come out to go about their daily lives and earn themselves a living."كَذَلِكَ وَقَدْ أَحَطْنَا بِمَا لَدَيْهِ خُبْراً (So (it was)!

And We knew all about him.) Mujahid and As-Suddi said, "This means that Allah knew everything about him and his army, and nothing was hidden from Him, even though they came from so many different nations and lands. For,لاَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَىْءٌ فِي الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى السَّمَآءِ(Truly, nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven.)3:5"

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

The Holy Qur'an does describe this state of the people Dhul-Qarnain found living towards the East meaning thereby that they were not accustomed to the use of ways and means like houses, tents and dresses to seek protection against the Sun. But, it does not mention anything about their faith and deeds, nor does it say what Dhul-Qarnain did to them.

However, it is obvious that these people too were infidels and Dhul-Qarnain handled them the way he had handled the people he had found in the West as mentioned earlier. But, describing it again at this place was not considered necessary since finding it out is also possible on the analogy of the previous event. (As in al-Bahr al-Muhit from Ibn Atiyyah)

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

حتى إذا وصل إلى مطلع الشمس وجدها تطلع على قوم ليس لهم بناء يسترهم، ولا شجر يظلهم من الشمس.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وذكر في أخبار بني إسرائيل أنه عاش ألفا وستمائة سنة يجوب الأرض طولها والعرض حتى بلغ المشارق والمغارب . ولما انتهى إلى مطلع الشمس من الأرض كما قال الله تعالى : ( وجدها تطلع على قوم ) أي أمة ( لم نجعل لهم من دونها سترا ) أي : ليس لهم بناء يكنهم ، ولا أشجار تظلهم وتسترهم من حر الشمس .قال سعيد بن جبير : كانوا حمرا قصارا ، مساكنهم الغيران ، أكثر معيشتهم من السمك .وقال أبو داود الطيالسي : حدثنا سهل بن أبي الصلت ، سمعت الحسن وسئل عن قوله تعالى : ( لم نجعل لهم من دونها سترا ) قال : إن أرضهم لا تحمل البناء فإذا طلعت الشمس تغوروا في المياه ، فإذا غربت خرجوا يتراعون كما ترعى البهائم .

قال الحسن : هذا حديث سمرة .وقال قتادة : ذكر لنا أنهم بأرض لا تنبت لهم شيئا ، فهم إذا طلعت الشمس دخلوا في أسراب ، حتى إذا زالت الشمس خرجوا إلى حروثهم ومعايشهم .وعن سلمة بن كهيل أنه قال : ليس لهم أكنان ، إذا طلعت الشمس طلعت عليهم ، فلأحدهم أذنان يفترش إحداهما ويلبس الأخرى .قال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا معمر ، عن قتادة في قوله : ( وجدها تطلع على قوم لم نجعل لهم من دونها سترا ) قال : هم الزنج .وقال ابن جريج في قوله : ( وجدها تطلع على قوم لم نجعل لهم من دونها سترا ) قال : لم يبنوا فيها بناء قط ، ولم يبن عليهم فيها بناء قط ، كانوا إذا طلعت الشمس دخلوا أسرابا لهم حتى تزول الشمس ، أو دخلوا البحر ، وذلك أن أرضهم ليس فيها جبل ، جاءهم جيش مرة فقال لهم أهلها : لا تطلعن عليكم الشمس وأنتم بها . قالوا : لا نبرح حتى تطلع الشمس ، ما هذه العظام ؟ قالوا : هذه جيف جيش طلعت عليهم الشمس هاهنا فماتوا . قال : فذهبوا هاربين في الأرض .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.