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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Isra 17:108

Word by word

وَيَقُولُونَ سُبْحَـٰنَ رَبِّنَآ إِن كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولًا

And they say, "Exalted is our Lord! Indeed, the promise of our Lord has been fulfilled."

Ibn Kathir (Abridged) English Ma'arif al-Qur'an English Tafsir Muyassar Arabic Tafsir Ibn Kathir Arabic All sources

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Those Who were given Knowledge before truly admit the Qur'an

Allah says to His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ:قُلْ(Say) O Muhammad to these disbelievers concerning what you have brought to them of this Glorious Qur'an:ءَامِنُواْ بِهِ أَوْ لاَ تُؤْمِنُواْ("Believe in it (the Qur'an) or do not believe (in it).) meaning, it is all the same whether you believe in it or not, for it is true in and of itself. It was revealed by Allah, Who mentioned it previously in the Books that He revealed to other Messengers. Hence He says:إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْعِلْمَ مِن قَبْلِهِ(Verily, those who were given knowledge before it,) meaning righteous people among the People of the Book, who adhered to their Books and appreciated them without distorting them.إِذَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ(when it is recited to them,) means, when this Qur'an is recited to them,يَخِرُّونَ لِلاٌّذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا(fall down on their chins (faces) in humble prostration. ) means, to Allah, in gratitude for the blessing He has bestowed on them by considering them fit to live until they met this Messenger to whom this Book was revealed.

Hence they say:سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَآ(Glory be to our Lord!), meaning, they extol and glorify their Lord for His perfect power and for not delaying the fulfillment of the promise which He made through His earlier Prophets, that He would send Muhammad ﷺ. Hence they said:سُبْحَانَ رَبِّنَآ إِن كَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفْعُولاً(Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.)وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلاٌّذْقَانِ يَبْكُونَ(And they fall down on their chins (faces) weeping) means, in submission to Allah, may He be glorified, and in expression of their belief and faith in His Book and His Messenger .وَيَزِيدُهُمْ خُشُوعًا(and it increases their humility.) means, it increases them in faith and submission. As Allah says:وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْاْ زَادَهُمْ هُدًى وَءَاتَـهُمْ تَقُوَاهُمْ(While as for those who accept guidance, He increases their guidance and bestows on them their Taqwa.

) (47:17).وَيَخِرُّونَ(And they fall down) is a description rather than an action (i.e., this is a further description of their humility as referred to in Ayah 107; it does not imply that they prostrate twice).

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

The first verse (101): وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ mentions the bestowal of nine clear signs on Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) . The word: آیَہ ('ayah) carries the meaning of miracle or sign as well as that of the آیَت : ayat or verses of the Qur'an, that is, the divine injunctions. At this place, the probability of both meanings exists. Therefore, a number of commentators have taken the word 'ayat' to mean miracles - and the number nine does not make it necessary that they will not be more than nine - but, at this place, the figure 'nine' has been mentioned on the basis of some particular importance it has. Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ has enumerated these miracles as follows:1. The staff of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) which turned into a huge snake.2. The hand that emitted light when placed under and taken out of the armpit.3. The removal of stammering from his tongue.4. The splitting of the water barrier in two sections to give safe passage to the Bani Isra'il to cross it.5. The sending of the punishment through locusts in unusual circumstances.6.

The sending of the storm.7. The clothes on their bodies were infested with countless lice they had no escape from.8. The punishment of frogs was released on them when frogs would appear in everything they ate or drank.9. The punishment of blood was sent that filled every utensil and mingled with whatever they ate or drank.

And a Sahih Hadith tells us that the word 'ayat' used here means divine injunctions. This Hadith has been reported in Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah on the authority of Sayyidna Safwan ibn al-` Aththal. He says that a Jew asked one of his friends to take him to 'that' prophet. The friend said, 'do not call him a prophet. If he finds out that we too call him a prophet, he will have four eyes on him (that is, he will have an opportunity to wallow in his pride and glee).' Then they came to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and asked him as to what were the nine clear signs given to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) . He said:1. Do not ascribe any partners to Allah.2. Do not steal.3. Do not fornicate.4. Do not unjustly take the life of the one whose killing has been forbidden by Allah.5. Do not falsely impute anyone innocent with charges liable to the sentence of death or any other punishment.6. Do not practice magic.7. Do not devour interest.8. Do not level a false accusation of fornication on a chaste woman.9. Do not desert the battlefield in Jihad for fear of being killed.

And he also said, '0 Jews, it has also been specially enjoined on you that you shall not contravene the particular injunctions of the observance of the day of Sabbath (Saturday) given to you.'Hearing what the Holy Prophet ﷺ said, they both kissed his hands and feet and declared, 'We bear witness that you are the prophet of Allah.' He said, 'What is it, then, that stops you from following me?' They said that Sayyidna Dawud (علیہ السلام) had prayed to his Lord for prophets to always keep appearing from among his progeny - 'and we are scared that the Jews will kill us if we started following you.'Since this explanation of the verse stands proved on the authority of Sahih Hadith, therefore, this is what many commentators have preferred to go by.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

ويقول هؤلاء الذين أوتوا العلم عند سماع القرآن: تنزيهًا لربنا وتبرئة له مما يصفه المشركون به، ما كان وعد الله تعالى من ثواب وعقاب إلا واقعًا حقًا.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

ولهذا يقولون : ( سبحان ربنا ) أي : تعظيما وتوقيرا على قدرته التامة ، وأنه لا يخلف الميعاد الذي وعدهم على ألسنة الأنبياء [ المتقدمين عن بعثة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ؛ ولهذا قالوا : ( سبحان ربنا إن كان وعد ربنا لمفعولا ) ] .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.