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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

An-Nahl 16:72

Word by word

وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُم بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتِ ۚ أَفَبِٱلْبَـٰطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ وَبِنِعْمَتِ ٱللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ

And Allāh has made for you from yourselves mates and has made for you from your mates sons and grandchildren and has provided for you from the good things. Then in falsehood do they believe and in the favor of Allāh they disbelieve?

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Among His Blessings and Signs are Mates, Children and Grandchildren

Allah mentions the blessing He has bestowed upon His servant by giving them mates from among themselves, mates of their own kind. If He had given them mates of another kind, there would be no harmony, love and mercy between them. But out of His mercy He has made the Children of Adam male and female, and has made the females wives or mates for the males. Then Allah mentions that from these wives He creates children and grandchildren, one's children's children. This was the opinion of Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd. Shu`bah said, narrating from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr from Ibn `Abbas: "Children and grandchildren, who are one's children and one's children's children." It was also said that this means servants and helpers, or it means sons-in-law or in-laws. I say: if we understand وَحَفَدَةً(grandsons) to refer back to wives, then it must mean children, children's children, and sons-in-law, because they are the husbands of one's daughter or the children of one's wife.

وَرَزَقَكُم مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ(and has granted you good provisions.) meaning your food and drink. Then Allah denounces those who associate others in worship with the One Who bestows blessings on them: أَفَبِالْبَـطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ(Do they then believe in false deities), meaning idols and rivals to Allah وَبِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ هُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ(and deny the favor of Allah) meaning, by concealing the blessings that Allah has given them and attributing them to others. According to a Sahih Hadith, the Prophet said: «إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ لِلْعَبْدِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُمْتَنًّا عَلَيْهِ: أَلَمْ أُزَوِّجْكَ؟ أَلَمْ أُكْرِمْكَ؟ أَلَمْ أُسَخِّرْ لَكَ الْخَيْلَ وَالْإِبِلَ، وَأَذَرْكَ تَرْأَسُ وَتَرْبَعُ؟»(Allah will say to His servant on the Day of Resurrection, reminding him of His blessings: "Did I not give you a wife Did I not honor you Did I not subject horses and camels to your use, and cause you to occupy a position of leadership and honor")

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

In verse 72: جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا (Allah has created spouses from among you), a special blessing has been mentioned in that Allah Ta’ ala has created spouses from the same genus so that they remain mutually familiar and their distinction and nobility inherent in the human species also remains stable through generations.

Given here, there may be another hint towards the fact that spouses belong to each other's genus and, as such, their needs and feelings are common to both, therefore, mutual consideration is but necessary for them.

The next sentence of the verse: وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَزْوَاجِكُم بَنِينَ وَحَفَدَةً has been translated as: 'and created for you from your spouse’ s sons and grandsons.'Though children are born to father and mother both, yet in this verse, their birth has been identified with mothers only. The indication given here is suggestive of the fact that the role of the mother in the birth and the creational formation of the child is more pronounced that that of the father. The father contributes only a lifeless drop. The locale where this drop goes through different kinds of stages from the transformation into human form and shape to becoming alive, and where all these inimitable achievements of nature take place, is a place no other than the womb of the mother. Therefore, in the Hadith, the right of the mother has been made to precede the right of the father.

There is yet another hint visible in this sentence which mentions grandsons along with sons, that is, the real purpose behind creating spouses is the procreation and survival of human race so that they have children, then, their children have their children. What else would this be, if not the survival of human species?

After that, by saying: وَرَ‌زَقَكُم مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ (and gave you provision from good things), mention was made of things which guarantee personal survival. In other words, once a human child is born, food is needed for its personal survival. That too was provided by Allah Ta’ ala. The real meaning of the word: حَفَدَةً - (hafadah) in this verse is that of one who helps and serves. That this word has been used for children suggests that children should always be at the service of their father and mother. (Qurtubi)

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

والله سبحانه جعل مِن جنسكم أزواجا; لتستريح نفوسكم معهن، وجعل لكم منهن الأبناء ومِن نسلهنَّ الأحفاد، ورزقكم من الأطعمة الطيبة من الثمار والحبوب واللحوم وغير ذلك. أفبالباطل من ألوهية شركائهم يؤمنون، وبنعم الله التي لا تحصى يجحدون، ولا يشكرون له بإفراده جل وعلا بالعبادة؟

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

يذكر تعالى نعمه على عبيده ، بأن جعل لهم من أنفسهم أزواجا من جنسهم وشكلهم [ وزيهم ] ولو جعل الأزواج من نوع آخر لما حصل ائتلاف ومودة ورحمة ، ولكن من رحمته خلق من بني آدم ذكورا وإناثا ، وجعل الإناث أزواجا للذكور .ثم ذكر تعالى أنه جعل من الأزواج البنين والحفدة ، وهم أولاد البنين . قاله ابن عباس ، وعكرمة ، والحسن ، والضحاك ، وابن زيد .قال شعبة ، عن أبى بشر ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس : ( بنين وحفدة ) هم الولد وولد الولد .وقال سنيد : حدثنا حجاج عن أبي بكر ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس قال : بنوك حين يحفدونك ويرفدونك ويعينونك ويخدمونك . قال جميل :حفد الولائد حولهن وأسلمت بأكفهن أزمة الأجمالوقال مجاهد : ( بنين وحفدة ) ابنه وخادمه . وقال في رواية : الحفدة : الأنصار والأعوان والخدام .وقال طاوس : الحفدة : الخدم وكذا قال قتادة ، وأبو مالك ، والحسن البصري .وقال عبد الرزاق : أنبأنا معمر ، عن الحكم بن أبان ، عن عكرمة أنه قال : الحفدة : من خدمك من ولدك وولد ولدك .قال الضحاك : إنما كانت العرب يخدمها بنوها .وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس قوله : ( وجعل لكم من أزواجكم بنين وحفدة ) يقول : بنو امرأة الرجل ليسوا منه .

ويقال : الحفدة : الرجل يعمل بين يدي الرجل ، يقال : فلان يحفد لنا قال : ويزعم رجال أن الحفدة أختان الرجل .وهذا [ القول ] الأخير الذي ذكره ابن عباس قاله ابن مسعود ، ومسروق ، وأبو الضحى ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، وسعيد بن جبير ، ومجاهد ، والقرظي . ورواه عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس .وقال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : هم الأصهار .قال ابن جرير : وهذه الأقوال كلها داخلة في معنى : " الحفد " وهو الخدمة ، الذي منه قوله في القنوت : " وإليك نسعى ونحفد " ولما كانت الخدمة قد تكون من الأولاد والأصهار والخدم فالنعمة حاصلة بهذا كله ; ولهذا قال : ( وجعل لكم من أزواجكم بنين وحفدة )قلت : فمن جعل ) وحفدة ) متعلقا بأزواجكم فلا بد أن يكون المراد الأولاد ، وأولاد الأولاد ، والأصهار ; لأنهم أزواج البنات ، وأولاد الزوجة ، وكما قال الشعبي والضحاك فإنهم غالبا يكونون تحت كنف الرجل وفي حجره وفي خدمته .

وقد يكون هذا هو المراد من قوله [ عليه الصلاة ] والسلام في حديث بصرة بن أكثم : " والولد عبد لك " رواه أبو داود .وأما من جعل الحفدة هم الخدم فعنده أنه معطوف على قوله : ( والله جعل لكم من أنفسكم أزواجا ) أي : وجعل لكم الأزواج والأولاد .( ورزقكم من الطيبات ) من المطاعم والمشارب .ثم قال تعالى منكرا على من أشرك في عبادة المنعم غيره : ( أفبالباطل يؤمنون ) وهم : الأصنام والأنداد ، ( وبنعمة الله هم يكفرون ) أي : يسترون نعم الله عليهم ويضيفونها إلى غيره .وفي الحديث الصحيح : " إن الله تعالى يقول للعبد يوم القيامة ممتنا عليه " ألم أزوجك ؟ ألم أكرمك ؟ ألم أسخر لك الخيل والإبل وأذرك ترأس وتربع ؟ " .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.