Tafsir

The Disbelievers' Refrain from Faith means that They were simply awaiting Punishment

Threatening the idolators for their persistence in falsehood and their conceited delusions about this world, Allah says: Are these people waiting only for the angels to come and take their souls Qatadah said: أَوْ يَأْتِىَ أَمْرُ رَبِّكَ(Or there comes the command of your Lord) means the Day of Resurrection and the terror that they will go through." كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ(Thus did those before them.) means, thus did their predecessors and those who were like them among the idolators persist in their Shirk, until they tasted the wrath of Allah and experienced the punishment and torment that they suffered. وَمَا ظَلَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ(And Allah did not wrong them.) because by sending His Messengers and revealing His Books He gave them enough warning and clearly demonstrated His proofs to them. وَلَـكِن كَانُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ(but they were wronging themselves.) meaning, by opposing the Messengers and denying what they brought. For this reason Allah's punishment tormented them.

وَحَاقَ بِهِم(they were surrounded) meaning, they were overwhelmed by the painful torment. مَا كَانُواْ بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِءُونَ(by that which they used to mock.) meaning, they used to make fun of the Messengers when they warned them Allah's punishment, and for this it will be said to them on the Day of Resurrection: هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ (This is the Fire which you used to belie.) (52:14).

Commentary

It will be recalled that, after describing the blessings of Allah and proving that He was unique in the creation of the universe, the text made a pointed reference to how the polytheists chose to stick to their own ways of error. In the present verses, the text describes how they, not content with their own straying, tried that others should also go astray like them. The punishment they would get for doing that has also been stated here. Earlier to that (24), there is a question about the Qur’ an, and the addressees of the question, at this place, are the polytheists. It is their haughty and ignorant answer which has been mentioned here along with a warning of consequences for this attitude. Then, after five verses (30), the same question has been addressed to believers who fear Allah which is followed by their answer, and where a promise of reward for it has been mentioned.

The Holy Qur'an does not explicitly say as to who asked the question. Therefore, commentators have expressed different views in this matter. Some say that the question was asked by disbelievers. Others say that it was asked by Muslims. Still others take one question to have been asked by the polytheists while the other by Muslims. But, the Holy Qur’ an has kept it ambiguous. This is to indicate that there is no need to are as to where the question came from. What has to be seen is the answer and, more importantly, its ultimate consequence - which, the Qur’ an has it-self chosen to describe.

The essence of the answer given by the polytheists is that they simply refused to acknowledge that there was any word of Allah really revealed from Him. In fact, they dismissed the Qur'an as nothing but tales of people from early ages. Thereupon, the Qur’ an admonished those unjust people for disinforming people about the Qur'an by telling them that it was nothing but the tales of the ancient whereby they make others too go astray like them. As for the consequences, these they shall have to face. It means that the total curse of their sins has to fall on them anyway on the Day of Judgment, but part of the curse of the evil consequences of their role in misguiding others will also fall on them. Then it was said that the burden of sins which these people are piling up on their shoulders is a terribly evil burden.

ما ينتظر المشركون إلا أن تأتيهم الملائكة; لتقبض أرواحهم وهم على الكفر، أو يأتي أمر الله بعذاب عاجل يهلكهم، كما كذَّب هؤلاء، وما ظلمهم الله بإهلاكهم، وإنزال العذاب بهم، ولكنهم هم الذين كانوا يظلمون أنفسهم بما جعلهم أهلا للعذاب.

يقول تعالى متهددا للمشركين على تماديهم في الباطل واغترارهم بالدنيا : هل ينتظر هؤلاء إلا الملائكة أن تأتيهم بقبض أرواحهم ، قاله قتادة .( أو يأتي أمر ربك ) أي : يوم القيامة وما يعاينونه من الأهوال .وقوله : ( كذلك فعل الذين من قبلهم ) أي : هكذا تمادى في شركهم أسلافهم ونظراؤهم وأشباههم من المشركين حتى ذاقوا بأس الله ، وحلوا فيما هم فيه من العذاب والنكال . ( وما ظلمهم الله ) ; لأنه تعالى أعذر إليهم ، وأقام حججه عليهم بإرسال رسله وإنزال كتبه ، ( ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون ) أي : بمخالفة الرسل والتكذيب بما جاءوا به