Tafsir

لَئِنِ اتَّبَعْتُمْ شُعَيْبًا إِنَّكُمْ إِذاً لَّخَـسِرُونَ("If you follow Shu`ayb, be sure then you will be the losers!") Allah answered them, فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الرَّجْفَةُ فَأَصْبَحُواْ فِي دَارِهِمْ جَـثِمِينَ (So the earthquake seized them and they lay (dead), prostrate in their homes) Allah said that the earthquake shook them, as punishment for threatening to expel Shu`ayb and his followers. Allah mentioned their end again in Suah Hud, وَلَمَّا جَآءَ أَمْرُنَا نَجَّيْنَا شُعَيْبًا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ بِرَحْمَةٍ مِّنَّا وَأَخَذَتِ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ الصَّيْحَةُ فَأَصْبَحُواْ فِى دِيَـرِهِمْ جَـثِمِينَ (And when Our commandment came, We saved Shu`ayb and those who believed with him by a mercy from Us. And the Sayhah (loud cry) seized the wrongdoers, and they lay (dead) prostrate in their homes.) 11:94 This Ayah mentions the Sayhah (cry) that struck them after they mocked Shu`ayb, saying, أَصَلَوَتُكَ تَأْمُرُكَ(Does your Salah (prayer) command you...) so it was befitting to mention here the cry that made them silence.

In Surat Ash-Shu`ara', Allah said, فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ (But they belied him, so the torment of the Day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized them. Indeed that was the torment of a Great Day) 26:189 because they challenged Shu`ayb, فَأَسْقِطْ عَلَيْنَا كِسَفاً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ("So cause a piece of the heaven to fall on us, if you are of the truthful!") 26:187. Therefore, Allah stated that each of these forms of punishment struck them on the Day of the Shadow. First, فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ(So the torment of the Day of Shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized them) 26:189 when a gloomy cloud came over them (containing) fire, flames and a tremendous light. Next, a cry from the sky descended on them and a tremor shook them from beneath. Consequently, their souls were captured, their lives were taken and their bodies became idle, فَأَصْبَحُواْ فِي دَارِهِمْ جَـثِمِينَ(and they lay (dead), prostrate in their homes).

Allah said next, كَأَن لَّمْ يَغْنَوْاْ فِيهَآ(They became as if they had never dwelt there) meaning, after the torment seized them, it looked as if they never dwelled in the land from which they wanted to expel their Messenger Shu`ayb and his followers. Here, Allah refuted their earlier statement, الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ شُعَيْبًا كَانُواْ هُمُ الْخَـسِرِينَ(Those who belied Shu`ayb, they were the losers.)

The punishment of the people of Sayyidna Shu'aib (علیہ السلام) has been identified as earthquake (Rajfah, Zalzalah) while in other verses it appears as: فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ (26:189) which means that they were seized by the punishment of Yowm az-Zullah. Yowm az-Zullah means day of the shade. It refers to what happened to them when to come on them first was the shade of a deep and thick cloud under which they all assembled. Then, from this very cloud, stones or fire was rained down.

To accommodate and reconcile the sense of the two verses given above, Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ has said: First of all, the people of Sayyidna Shu'aib (علیہ السلام) were subjected to such intense heat, as if the door of Hell has been thrown open towards them. This made them suffocate. Shade or water, nothing seemed to work. Driven by heat, they went into basements. They were more hot. With no choice left, they ran from the city into the nearby forest. There, Allah Ta` ala sent a thick cloud with cool breeze passing underneath. Out of their senses under the impact of heat, they all rushed for refuge under the shade of that cloud. At that time, the whole cloud became a cloud of fire raining on them and also came the earthquake which turned them to ashes. In this manner, the punishments of the earthquake and the shade had simultaneously converged on these people.

(Al-Bahr Al Muhit)Some commentators have said that it is also possible that the people of Sayyidna Shu'aib (علیہ السلام) were split in different groups or sections where some were hit by the earthquake while others were destroyed by the punishment of the shade.

فأخذَتْ قومَ شعيب الزلزلةُ الشديدة، فأصبحوا في دارهم صرعى ميتين.

فأخذتهم الرجفة فأصبحوا في دارهم جاثمين ) أخبر تعالى هاهنا أنهم أخذتهم الرجفة كما أرجفوا شعيبا وأصحابه وتوعدوهم بالجلاء ، كما أخبر عنهم في سورة " هود " فقال : ( ولما جاء أمرنا نجينا شعيبا والذين آمنوا معه برحمة منا وأخذت الذين ظلموا الصيحة فأصبحوا في ديارهم جاثمين ) [ هود : 94 ] والمناسبة في ذلك - والله أعلم - أنهم لما تهكموا بنبي الله شعيب في قولهم : ( أصلاتك تأمرك أن نترك ما يعبد آباؤنا أو أن نفعل في أموالنا ما نشاء إنك لأنت الحليم الرشيد ) [ هود : 87 ] فجاءت الصيحة فأسكتتهم .وقال تعالى إخبارا عنهم في سورة الشعراء : ( فكذبوه فأخذهم عذاب يوم الظلة إنه كان عذاب يوم عظيم ) [ الشعراء : 189 ] وما ذاك إلا لأنهم قالوا له في سياق القصة : ( فأسقط علينا كسفا من السماء [ إن كنت من الصادقين ] ) [ الشعراء : 187 ] فأخبر أنه أصابهم عذاب يوم الظلة ، وقد اجتمع عليهم ذلك كله : أصابهم عذاب يوم الظلة ، " وهي سحابة أظلتهم فيها شرر من نار ولهب ووهج عظيم ، ثم جاءتهم صيحة من السماء ورجفة من الأرض شديدة من أسفل منهم ، فزهقت الأرواح ، وفاضت النفوس وخمدت الأجساد ، ( فأصبحوا في دارهم جاثمين )