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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-A'raf 7:84

Word by word

وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَرًا ۖ فَٱنظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـٰقِبَةُ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ

And We rained upon them a rain [of stones]. Then see how was the end of the criminals.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged) English Ma'arif al-Qur'an English Tafsir Muyassar Arabic Tafsir Ibn Kathir Arabic All sources

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Allah says, We saved Lut and his family, for only his household believed in him.

Allah said in another Ayah,فَأَخْرَجْنَا مَن كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ - فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهَا غَيْرَ بَيْتٍ مِّنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ(So We brought out from therein the believers. But We found not there any household of the Muslims except one of Lut and his daughters) 51: 35-36. Only his wife (from his family) did not believe, remaining on the religion of her people. She used to conspire with them against Lut and inform them of who came to visit him, using certain signals that they agreed on. This is why when Lut was commanded to leave by night with his family, he was ordered not to inform his wife or take her with him. Some said that she followed them, and when the torment struck her people, she looked back and suffered the same punishment as them. However, it appears that she did not leave the town and that Lut did not tell her that they would depart.

So she remained with her people, as apparent from Allah's statement,إِلاَّ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ مِنَ الْغَـبِرِينَ(except his wife; she was of the Ghabirin) meaning, of those who remained, or they say: of those who were destroyed, and this is the more obvious explanation. Allah's statement,وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَّطَرًا(And We rained down on them a rain) is explained by His other statement,وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهَا حِجَارَةً مِّن سِجِّيلٍ مَّنْضُودٍمُّسَوَّمَةً عِندَ رَبّكَ وَمَا هِى مِنَ الظَّـلِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ-(And rained on them stones of baked clay, in a well-arranged manner one after another. Marked from your Lord; and they are not ever far from the wrongdoers.) 11:82-83. Allah said here,فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـقِبَةُ الْمُجْرِمِينَ(Then see what was the end of the criminals.

) This Ayah means: `See, O Muhammad, the end of those who dared to disobey Allah and reject His Messengers.' Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, all recorded a Hadith from Ibn `Abbas who said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said;«مَنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُ يَعْمَلُ عَمَلَ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ فَاقْتُلُوا الْفَاعِلَ وَالْمَفْعُول بِه»(Whoever is found doing the act of the people of Lut, then kill them; the doer and the one it is done to.)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

In the fifth verse (84), the punishment which came on these people has been described in a few words - that an unusual rain was sent upon them. The details of this punishment appear in Surah Had where it is said:فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَمْرُ‌نَا جَعَلْنَا عَالِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمْطَرْ‌نَا عَلَيْهَا حِجَارَ‌ةً مِّن سِجِّيلٍ مَّنضُودٍ ﴿82﴾ مُّسَوَّمَةً عِندَ رَ‌بِّكَ ۖ وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ ﴿83﴾(So, when Our command-came, We turned its highest into its lowest, and We rained on it stones of hard clay, one over an-other marked, with your Lord. And they are not far from the transgressors - 11:82-83).

This tells us that the rain of stones came from above and from down below, angel Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) lifted up the whole crust of the earth and threw it back upside down. Then, the stones which rained down were one over the other, that is, the stone rained so ceaselessly that they kept collecting one on top the next. These stones were marked. Some commentators say that every such stone was marked with the name of the person who was destined to be destroyed with it. And in the verses of Surah Al-Hijr, also mentioned before the account of the punishment is: فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّيْحَةُ مُشْرِ‌قِينَ ﴿73﴾ that is, a Sound seized them at sunrise - 15:73).

This indicates that first to come was some harsh Sound from the skies, then came other punishments. The outward arrangement of the words shows that it was after this Sound that the earth crust was turned upside down and then, stones were rained on them to put a stamp on their disgrace. And it is also possible that the rain of stones came first and the turning over of the earth crust came later. The reason is that, given the style of the Qur'an, it is not necessary that some-thing mentioned earlier should have also occurred earlier.

Out of the horrendous punishments sent on the people of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) ، the punishment of turning the floor of the earth upside down has a particular correspondence with their act of shame and immodesty because they were guilty of perversion.

Towards the end of the verses of Surah Hud cited a little earlier, the Qur'an has warned the people of Arabia when it says: وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٍ ﴿83﴾ that is, these upturned habitations were not far from the transgressors. They pass by them while traveling to Syria but it is surprising that they would learn no lesson from them.

And these sights are not restricted with the time the Holy Qur'an was being revealed. They are still there between Bayt al-Maqdis and Jordon river, particularly the area known as the Sea of Lut or the Dead Sea. It lies way deep below the sea level. On a particular section, there is water which is unusual. No sea life survives there. Hence, the name: Dead Sea. This is said to be the legendary Sodom. May Allah keep us safe from His Punishment and Wrath.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

وعذَّب الله الكفار من قوم لوط بأن أنزل عليهم مطرًا من الحجارة، وقلب بلادهم، فجعل عاليها سافلها، فانظر -أيها الرسول- كيف صارت عاقبة الذين اجترؤوا على معاصي الله وكذبوا رسله.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وقوله : ( وأمطرنا عليهم مطرا ) مفسر بقوله : ( وأمطرنا عليها حجارة من سجيل منضود مسومة عند ربك وما هي من الظالمين ببعيد ) [ هود 82 ، 83 ] ولهذا قال : ( فانظر كيف كان عاقبة المجرمين ) أي : انظر - يا محمد - كيف كان عاقبة من تجهرم على معاصي الله وكذب رسلهوقد ذهب الإمام أبو حنيفة ، رحمه الله ، إلى أن اللائط يلقى من شاهق ، ويتبع بالحجارة كما فعل بقوم لوط .وذهب آخرون من العلماء إلى أنه يرجم سواء كان محصنا أو غير محصن . وهو أحد قولي الشافعي ، رحمه الله ، والحجة ما رواه الإمام أحمد ، وأبو داود ، والترمذي ، وابن ماجه ، من حديث الدراوردي ، عن عمرو بن أبي عمرو عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من وجدتموه يعمل عمل قوم لوط ، فاقتلوا الفاعل والمفعول به "وقال آخرون : هو كالزاني ، فإن كان محصنا رجم ، وإن لم يكن محصنا جلد مائة جلدة . وهو القول الآخر للشافعي .وأما إتيان النساء في الأدبار ، فهو اللوطية الصغرى ، وهو حرام بإجماع العلماء ، إلا قولا [ واحدا ] شاذا لبعض السلف ، وقد ورد في النهي عنه أحاديث كثيرة عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وقد تقدم الكلام عليها في سورة البقرة

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