Tafsir

The People of Fir`awn drown in the Sea; the Children of Israel inherit the Holy Land

Allah states that when the people of Fir`awn rebelled and transgressed, even though He inflicted them with consecutive signs, one after another, He took retribution from them by drowning them in the sea that Musa parted by Allah's power, and he and the Children of Israel passed through. In their pursuit, Fir`awn and his soldiers went in the sea chasing Musa and his people. When they all had gone inside the water, the sea closed in on them and they all drowned, because they belied the Ayat of Allah and were heedless of them. Allah said that He has granted the people who were considered weak, the Children of Israel, to inherit the eastern and western parts of the land. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qatadah commented that Allah's statement, مَشَـرِقَ الاٌّرْضِ وَمَغَـرِبَهَا الَّتِى بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا(...the eastern parts of the land and the western parts thereof which We have blessed.) refers to the Sham area (Greater Syria).

Also, Mujahid and Ibn Jarir said that Allah's statement, وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ الْحُسْنَى عَلَى بَنِى إِسْرءِيلَ بِمَا صَبَرُواْ(And the fair Word of your Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel, because of their endurance.) is explained by Allah's other statement, وَنُرِيدُ أَن نَّمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ - وَنُمَكِّنَ لَهُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَنُرِىَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَهَـمَـنَ وَجُنُودَهُمَا مِنْهُمْ مَّا كَانُواْ يَحْذَرونَ (And We wished to do a favor to those who were weak (and oppressed) in the land, and to make them rulers and to make them the inheritors. And to establish them in the land, and We let Fir`awn and Haman and their hosts receive from them that which they feared) 28:5-6. Further, Allah's statement, وَدَمَّرْنَا مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِرْعَوْنُ وَقَوْمُهُ(And We destroyed what Fir`awn and his people produced,) meaning, We destroyed what Fir`awn and his people produced, such as agriculture and buildings.

وَمَا كَانُواْ يَعْرِشُونَ(and what they erected.) Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said that يَعْرِشُونَ(they erected) means, they built.

The sixth punishment has been mentioned in the Qur'an by the Arabic word: رِجز 'Rijz' which signifies plague or pestilence. The number of Egyptians killed in this plague is reported to have been more than seventy thousand. They were relieved of this punishment by the prayer of the prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) . Again they broke their promise as before. Now, when they showed no sign of understanding they were finally caught by the last punishment - the death. Leaving behind all their lands, houses and possessions they chased the prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) and his people and were drowned in the sea.

فانتقمنا منهم حين جاء الأجل المحدد لإهلاكهم، وذلك بإحلال نقمتنا عليهم، وهي إغراقهم في البحر; بسبب تكذيبهم بالمعجزات التي ظهرت على يد موسى، وكانوا عن هذه المعجزات غافلين، وتلك الغفلة هي سبب التكذيب.

يخبر تعالى أنهم لما عتوا وتمردوا ، مع ابتلائه إياهم بالآيات المتواترة واحدة بعد واحدة ، [ أنه ] انتقم منهم بإغراقه إياهم في اليم ، وهو البحر الذي فرقه لموسى ، فجاوزه وبنو إسرائيل معه ، ثم ورده فرعون وجنوده على أثرهم ، فلما استكملوا فيه ارتطم عليهم ، فغرقوا عن آخرهم ، وذلك بسبب تكذيبهم بآيات الله وتغافلهم عنها .