Tafsir

Man is fickle when Ease comes to Him after Difficulty

Allah tells us that man never gets bored of asking his Lord for good things, such as wealth, physical health, etc., but if evil touches him -- i.e., trials and difficulties or poverty --فَيَئُوسٌ قَنُوطٌ(then he gives up all hope and is lost in despair.), i.e., he thinks that he will never experience anything good again.وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَـهُ رَحْمَةً مِّنَّا مِن بَعْدِ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتْهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ هَـذَا لِى(And truly, if We give him a taste of mercy from Us, after some adversity has touched him, he is sure to say: "This is due to my (merit)...") means, if something good happens to him or some provision comes to him after a period of difficulty, he says, `this is because of me, because I deserve this from my Lord.'وَمَآ أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً(I think not that the Hour will be established.) means, he does not believe that the Hour will come. So when he is given some blessing, he becomes careless, arrogant and ungrateful, as Allah says:كَلاَّ إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لَيَطْغَى - أَن رَّءَاهُ اسْتَغْنَى (Nay! Verily, man does transgress.

Because he considers himself self-sufficient.) (96:6)وَلَئِن رُّجِّعْتُ إِلَى رَبِّى إِنَّ لِى عِندَهُ لَلْحُسْنَى(But if I am brought back to my Lord, surely there will be for me the best with Him.) means, `if there is a Hereafter after all, then my Lord will be generous and kind to me just as He was in this world.' So he expects Allah to do him favors in spite of his bad deeds and lack of certain faith. Allah says:فَلَنُنَبِّئَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِّنْ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ(Then, We verily will show to the disbelievers what they have done, and We shall make them taste a severe torment.) Thus Allah threatens punishment and vengeance to those whose conduct and belief is like that.وَإِذَآ أَنْعَمْنَا عَلَى الإنْسَـنِ أَعْرَضَ وَنَأَى بِجَانِبِهِ(And when We show favor to man, he turns away and becomes arrogant;) means, he turns away from doing acts of obedience and is too proud to obey the commands of Allah.

This is like the Ayah:فَتَوَلَّى بِرُكْنِهِ(But Fir`awn turned away along with his hosts) (51:39).وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ(but when evil touches him,) means, difficulties,فَذُو دُعَآءٍ عَرِيضٍ(then he has recourse to long supplications.) means, he asks at length for one thing. Long supplications are those which are long on words and short on meaning. The opposite is concise speech which is brief but full of meaning. And Allah says:وَإِذَا مَسَّ الإِنسَـنَ الضُّرُّ دَعَانَا لِجَنبِهِ أَوْ قَاعِدًا أَوْ قَآئِمًا فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُ مَرَّ كَأَن لَّمْ يَدْعُنَآ إِلَى ضُرٍّ مَّسَّهُ(And when harm touches man, he invokes Us, lying on his side, or sitting or standing. But when We have removed his harm from him, he passes on as if he had never invoked Us for a harm that touched him!) (10:12)

Commentaryفَذُو دُعَاءٍ عَرِ‌يضٍ (he is full of broad prayers - 51.) The nature of an infidel is being stated here that when Allah Almighty bestows upon him the good things: wealth, honor and peace, the infidel gets so involved in them and so intoxicated with them that he becomes even more distant from the true Benefactor, Allah Almighty, and his pride and heedlessness increase even more. But when he faces some distress, then he starts long and lengthy supplications to Allah Almighty. Here the Qur'an has used the word ` broad' to describe their lengthy supplications, because what is wider will automatically be longer too. That is why, when describing the span of Paradise, Allah Almighty has used the word عَرْ‌ضُهَا السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْ‌ضُ (a paradise the width of which spans the heavens and the earth - 3: 133)Lengthy supplications in themselves are praiseworthy and desirable as is proved by authentic ahadith about the etiquettes of supplication where it is mentioned that, while praying to Allah Ta’ ala, beseeching tearfully and repeatedly is desirable.

(Bukhari and Muslim) Therefore, the denunciation of the infidel is actually not for lengthy supplications, but for his mean disposition that when Allah blesses him with His bounties, he gets intoxicated with arrogance and pride, and when he faces distress, he keeps on praying in a way of wailing and complaining about his difficulties, as is the habit of heedless people; the intent is not to supplicate, but to wail about his misfortunes and to keep on telling the people about it. (Allah knows best).

وإذا أنعمنا على الإنسان بصحة أو رزق أو غيرهما أعرض وترفَّع عن الانقياد إلى الحق، وإن أصابه ضر فهو ذو دعاء كثير بأن يكشف الله ضرَّه، فهو يعرف ربه في الشدة، ولا يعرفه في الرخاء.

ثم قال : ( وإذا أنعمنا على الإنسان أعرض ونأى بجانبه ) أي : أعرض عن الطاعة ، واستكبر عن الانقياد لأوامر الله ، عز وجل ، كقوله تعالى : ( فتولى بركنه ) [ الذاريات : 39 ] .( وإذا مسه الشر ) أي : الشدة ، ( فذو دعاء عريض ) أي : يطيل المسألة في الشيء الواحد فالكلام العريض : ما طال لفظه وقل معناه ، والوجيز : عكسه ، وهو : ما قل ودل . وقد قال تعالى : ( وإذا مس الإنسان الضر دعانا لجنبه أو قاعدا أو قائما فلما كشفنا عنه ضره مر كأن لم يدعنا إلى ضر مسه ) [ يونس : 12 ] .