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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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An-Nisa 4:8

Word by word

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ ٱلْقِسْمَةَ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينُ فَٱرْزُقُوهُم مِّنْهُ وَقُولُوا۟ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا

And when [other] relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the [time of] division, then provide for them [something] out of it [i.e., the estate] and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Necessity of Surrendering the Inheritance According to the Portions that Allah Ordained

Sa`id bin Jubayr and Qatadah said, "The idolators used to give adult men a share of inheritance and deprive women and children of it. Allah revealed;لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصيِبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَلِدَنِ وَالاٌّقْرَبُونَ(There is a share for men from what is left by parents and those nearest in relation)." Therefore, everyone is equal in Allah's decision to inherit, even though their shares vary according to the degree of their relationship to the deceased, whether being a relative, spouse, etc. Ibn Marduwyah reported that Jabir said, "Umm Kujjah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said to him, `O Messenger of Allah! I have two daughters whose father died, and they do not own anything.' So Allah revealed;لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصيِبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَلِدَنِ وَالاٌّقْرَبُونَ(There is a share for men from what is left by parents and those nearest in relation.)" We will mention this Hadith when explaining the two Ayat about inheritance. Allah knows best.

Allah said,وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ(are present at the time of division,) those who do not have a share in the inheritance,وَالْيَتَـمَى وَالْمَسَـكِينُ(and the orphans and the poor), are also present upon dividing the inheritance, give them a share of the inheritance. Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah,وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُوْلُواْ الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَـمَى وَالْمَسَـكِينُ(And when the relatives and the orphans and the poor are present at the time of division), was not abrogated. Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that this Ayah still applies and should be implemented. Ath-Thawri said that Ibn Abi Najih narrated from Mujahid that implementing this Ayah, "Is required from those who have anything to inherit, paid from whatever portions their hearts are satisfied with giving away." Similar explanation was reported from Ibn Mas`ud, Abu Musa, `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Ash-Sha`bi and Al-Hasan. Ibn Sirin, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, `Ata' bin Abi Rabah, Az-Zuhri and Yahya bin Ya`mar said this payment is obligatory.

Others say that this refers to the bequeathal at the time of death. And others say that it was abrogated. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that this Ayah,وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ(And when are present at the time of division), refers to divisions of inheritance. So, when poor relatives, who are ineligible for inheritance, orphans, and the poor attend the division of the inheritance, which is sometimes substantial, their hearts will feel eager to have a share, seeing each eligible person assuming his share; while they are desperate, yet are not given anything. Allah the Most Kind, Most Compassionate, commands that they should have a share in the inheritance as an act of kindness, charity, compassion and mercy for them.

Observing Fairness in the Will

Allah said,وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُواْ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ(And let those have the same fear in their minds as they would have for their own, if they had left behind...) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that this part of the Ayah, "Refers to a man who is near death and he dictates a will and testament that harms some of the rightful inheritors. Allah commands whoever hears such will to fear Allah, and direct the dying man to do what is right and to be fair, being as eager to protect the inheritors of the dying man as he would be with his own." Similar was reported from Mujahid and several others. The Two Sahihs record that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ visited Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas during an illness he suffered from, Sa`d said to the Messenger, "O Messenger of Allah! I am wealthy and have no inheritors except a daughter.

Should I give two-thirds of my property in charity" He said, "No." Sa`d asked, "Half" He said, "No." Sa`d said, "One-third" The Prophet said;«الثُّلُثُ، وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِير»(One-third, and even one-third is too much.) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said,«إِنَّكَ أَنْ تَذَرَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاس»(You'd better leave your inheritors wealthy rather than leaving them poor, begging from others.)A Stern Warning Against Those Who Use Up the Orphan's Wealth

It was also said that the Ayahوَلاَ تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافاً وَبِدَاراً أَن يَكْبَرُواْ(consume it not wastefully and hastily, fearing that they should grow up,) means, let them have Taqwa of Allah when taking care of the orphan's wealth, as Ibn Jarir recorded from Al-`Awfi who reported this explanation from Ibn `Abbas. This is a sound opinion that is supported by the warning that follows against consuming the orphan's wealth unjustly. In this case, the meaning becomes: Just as you would want your offspring to be treated fairly after you, then treat other people's offspring fairly when you are given the responsibility of caring for them.

Allah proclaims that those who unjustly consume the wealth of orphans, will be eating fire into their stomach, this is why Allah said,إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَلَ الْيَتَـمَى ظُلْماً إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِى بُطُونِهِمْ نَاراً وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيراً(Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, they eat up only a fire into their bellies, and they will be burnt in the blazing Fire!) meaning, when you consume the orphan's wealth without a right, then you are only consuming fire, which will kindle in your stomach on the Day of Resurrection. It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ الْمُوبِقَات»(Avoid the seven great destructive sins. ) The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger!

What are they" He said,«الشِّرْكُ بِاللهِ، وَالسِّحْرُ، وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ، وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ، وَالتَّوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ، وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ الْغَافِلَات»(To join others in worship along with Allah, magic, to kill the life which Allah has forbidden except for a just cause, to consume interest, to consume an orphan's property, to turn your back to the enemy and flee from the battlefield at the time of fighting, and to accuse chaste women who never even think of anything harmful to their chastity being good believers.)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Now look at the beauty and delicacy of the Qur'anic arrangement of things. On the one hand, there is the just rule offered by the Qur'an itself - that the nearer in kinship shall exclude the farther. On the other hand, there is that wonderful concern for the disappointment of the excluded farther'. Therefore, a regular verse (8) has been devoted to carry the necessary instruction as to how this situation will be handled:وَإِذَا حَضَرَ‌ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْ‌بَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْ‌زُقُوهُم مِّنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُ‌وفًا ﴿8﴾It means that distant relatives, orphans and the needy who are to be excluded from having a share in the inheritance and who, nevertheless, show up at the time of its distribution, then, it is the moral obligation of those who get a share in the inheritance that they voluntarily give them some of it, which would become an act of charity for them, and certainly, a modality of reward from Allah.

At a time like this, when wealth and property are coming to them, without their having made any effort, simply through the mercy of Allah Almighty - then, their own hearts should beat with the urge to give whatever they can, in the way of Allah, an example of which appears in another verse (Al an'am: 6:141) cited below:كُلُوا مِن ثَمَرِ‌هِ إِذَا أَثْمَرَ‌ وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِThat is, eat the fruit of your farm when it bears fruit and on the day of its harvesting give away the due (of the poor and the needy) on it.

In short, the fact that distant kindred, orphans and the needy assemble at the time of the distribution of inheritance should be no cause of irritation. On the contrary one should be grateful to Allah that He has bestowed on him something he did not work for, therefore, it will be good to give away a part from it as a token of gratitude. In fact, one should take it as a God-sent opportunity to let these people have a little from what they have received which would certainly compensate the sense of deprivation faced by these people. Incidentally, this includes and covers the grandson of the deceased who was excluded from the inheritance.

His uncles and paternal aunts should actually be pleased to give him something each from their respective shares.

The statement at the end of the verse (8): وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُ‌وفًا (and speak to them in fair words) gives the guideline in case these people are not satisfied with the manner and quantum of what they get but start demanding a share equal to that of everybody else, then, this demand being unjust and contrary to Shari'ah, there is no way to satisfy it, however, instead of behaving to them in a crude manner which may hurt their feelings, the actual rules-of Shari'ah should be explained to them in a polite manner. They can be told that they do not have a share in the inheritance as stipulated by the rule of Islamic law and that which has been given to them has been given to them as a gift. At this point, one should make sure that the gift or donation given to such people does not come out of the total property inherited. Here it is important that the donation should be made by adult inheritors present, from their respective shares. Such gifts from the shares of the minor and the absent are not allowed in Shari'ah.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

وإذا حضر قسمةَ الميراث أقاربُ الميت ممن لا حقَّ لهم في التركة، أو حضرها من مات آباؤهم وهم صغار دون سن البلوغ، أو مَن لا يملكون ما يكفيهم ويسد حاجتهم فأعطوهم شيئًا من المال على وجه الاستحباب قبل تقسيم التركة على أصحابها، وقولوا لهم قولا حسنًا غير فاحش ولا قبيح.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وقوله : ( وإذا حضر القسمة [ أولو القربى واليتامى والمساكين فارزقوهم منه وقولوا لهم قولا معروفا ] ) قيل : المراد : وإذا حضر قسمة الميراث ذوو القربى ممن ليس بوارث واليتامى والمساكين فليرضخ لهم من التركة نصيب ، وأن ذلك كان واجبا في ابتداء الإسلام . وقيل : يستحب واختلفوا : هل هو منسوخ أم لا ؟ على قولين ، فقال البخاري : حدثنا أحمد بن حميد أخبرنا عبيد الله الأشجعي ، عن سفيان ، عن الشيباني ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس : ( وإذا حضر القسمة أولوا القربى واليتامى والمساكين ) قال : هي محكمة ، وليست بمنسوخة . تابعه سعيد عن ابن عباس .وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا القاسم ، حدثنا الحسين ، حدثنا عباد بن العوام ، عن الحجاج ، عن الحكم ، عن مقسم ، عن ابن عباس قال : هي قائمة يعمل بها .وقال الثوري ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد في هذه الآية ، قال : هي واجبة على أهل الميراث ، ما طابت به أنفسهم .

وهكذا روي عن ابن مسعود ، وأبي موسى ، وعبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر ، وأبي العالية ، والشعبي ، والحسن ، وابن سيرين ، وسعيد بن جبير ، ومكحول ، وإبراهيم النخعي ، وعطاء بن أبي رباح ، والزهري ، ويحيى بن يعمر : إنها واجبة .وروى ابن أبي حاتم عن أبي سعيد الأشج ، عن اسماعيل بن علية ، عن يونس بن عبيد ، عن محمد بن سيرين قال : ولي عبيدة وصية ، فأمر بشاة فذبحت ، فأطعم أصحاب هذه الآية ، وقال : لولا هذه الآية لكان هذا من مالي .وقال مالك ، فيما يروى عنه من التفسير في جزء مجموع ، عن الزهري : أن عروة أعطى من مال مصعب حين قسم ماله . وقال الزهري : وهي محكمة .وقال مالك ، عن عبد الكريم ، عن مجاهد قال : هو حق واجب ما طابت به الأنفس .ذكر من ذهب إلى أن ذلك أمر بالوصية لهم :قال عبد الرزاق : أخبرنا ابن جريج أخبرني ابن أبي مليكة : أن أسماء بنت عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر الصديق ، والقاسم بن محمد أخبراه : أن عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر قسم ميراث أبيه عبد الرحمن وعائشة حية قالا فلم يدع في الدار مسكينا ولا ذا قرابة إلا أعطاه من ميراث أبيه . قالا وتلا ( وإذا حضر القسمة أولوا القربى ) قال القاسم : فذكرت ذلك لابن عباس فقال : ما أصاب ، ليس ذلك له ، إنما ذلك إلى الوصية ، وإنما هذه الآية في الوصية يريد الميت [ أن ] يوصي لهم .

رواه ابن أبي حاتم .ذكر من قال : إن هذه الآية منسوخة بالكلية :قال سفيان الثوري ، عن محمد بن السائب الكلبي ، عن أبي صالح ، عن ابن عباس : ( وإذا حضر القسمة ) قال : منسوخة .وقال إسماعيل بن مسلم المكي ، عن قتادة ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، قال في هذه الآية : ( وإذا حضر القسمة أولوا القربى ) نسختها الآية التي بعدها : ( يوصيكم الله في أولادكم )وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس في هذه الآية : ( وإذا حضر القسمة أولوا القربى ) كان ذلك قبل أن تنزل الفرائض ، فأنزل الله بعد ذلك الفرائض ، فأعطى كل ذي حق حقه ، فجعلت الصدقة فيما سمى المتوفى .

رواهن ابن مردويه .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا الحسن بن محمد بن الصباح ، حدثنا حجاج ، عن ابن جريج وعثمان بن عطاء عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس قوله : ( وإذا حضر القسمة أولوا القربى واليتامى والمساكين ) نسختها آية الميراث ، فجعل لكل إنسان نصيبه مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون - مما قل منه أو كثر - [ نصيبا مفروضا ]وحدثنا أسيد بن عاصم ، حدثنا سعيد بن عامر ، عن همام ، حدثنا قتادة ، عن سعيد بن المسيب أنه قال : إنها منسوخة ، كانت قبل الفرائض ، كان ما ترك الرجل من مال أعطي منه اليتيم والفقير والمسكين وذوي القربى إذا حضروا القسمة ، ثم نسخ بعد ذلك ، نسختها المواريث ، فألحق الله بكل ذي حق حقه ، وصارت الوصية من ماله ، يوصي بها لذوي قرابته حيث يشاء .وقال مالك ، عن الزهري ، عن سعيد بن المسيب : هي منسوخة ، نسختها المواريث والوصية .وهكذا روي عن عكرمة ، وأبي الشعثاء ، والقاسم بن محمد ، وأبي صالح ، وأبي مالك ، وزيد بن أسلم ، والضحاك ، وعطاء الخراساني ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، وربيعة بن أبي عبد الرحمن : أنهم قالوا : إنها منسوخة .

وهذا مذهب جمهور الفقهاء والأئمة الأربعة وأصحابهم .وقد اختار ابن جرير هاهنا قولا غريبا جدا ، وحاصله : أن معنى الآية عنده ( وإذا حضر القسمة ) أي : وإذا حضر قسمة مال الوصية أولو قرابة الميت ( فارزقوهم منه وقولوا لهم ) لليتامى والمساكين إذا حضروا ( قولا معروفا ) هذا مضمون ما حاوله بعد طول العبارة والتكرار ، وفيه نظر ، والله أعلم .وقد قال العوفي عن ابن عباس : ( وإذا حضر القسمة ) وهي قسمة الميراث . وهكذا قال غير واحد ، والمعنى على هذا لا على ما سلكه أبو جعفر بن جرير ، رحمه الله ، بل المعنى : أنه إذا حضر هؤلاء الفقراء من القرابة الذين لا يرثون ، واليتامى والمساكين قسمة مال جزيل ، فإن أنفسهم تتوق إلى شيء منه ، إذا رأوا هذا يأخذ وهذا يأخذ وهذا يأخذ ، وهم يائسون لا شيء يعطون ، فأمر الله تعالى - وهو الرءوف الرحيم - أن يرضخ لهم شيء من الوسط يكون برا بهم وصدقة عليهم ، وإحسانا إليهم ، وجبرا لكسرهم . كما قال الله تعالى : ( كلوا من ثمره إذا أثمر وآتوا حقه يوم حصاده ) [ الأنعام : 141 ] وذم الذين ينقلون المال خفية; خشية أن يطلع عليهم المحاويج وذوو الفاقة ، كما أخبر عن أصحاب الجنة ( إذ أقسموا ليصرمنها مصبحين ) [ القلم : 17 ] أي : بليل . وقال : ( فانطلقوا وهم يتخافتون .

أن لا يدخلنها اليوم عليكم مسكين ) [ القلم : 23 ، 24 ] ( دمر الله عليهم وللكافرين أمثالها ) [ محمد : 10 ] فمن جحد حق الله عليه عاقبه في أعز ما يملكه; ولهذا جاء في الحديث : " ما خالطت الصدقة مالا إلا أفسدته " أي : منعها يكون سبب محاق ذلك المال بالكلية .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.