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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Ali 'Imran 3:97

Word by word

فِيهِ ءَايَـٰتٌۢ بَيِّنَـٰتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنًا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلْبَيْتِ مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِىٌّ عَنِ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ

In it are clear signs [such as] the standing place of Abraham. And whoever enters it [i.e., the Ḥaram] shall be safe. And [due] to Allāh from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves [i.e., refuses] - then indeed, Allāh is free from need of the worlds.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Ka`bah is the First House of Worship

Allah said,إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ(Verily, the first House appointed for mankind) for all people, for their acts of worship and religious rituals. They go around the House in Tawaf, pray in its vicinity and remain in its area in I`tikaf.لَلَّذِى بِبَكَّةَ(was that at Bakkah,) meaning, the Ka`bah that was built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, whose religion the Jews and Christians claim they follow. However, they do not perform Hajj to the house that Ibrahim built by Allah's command, and to which he invited the people to perform Hajj. Allah said next, iمُبَارَكاً(full of blessing), sanctified,وَهُدًى لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ(and a guidance for Al-`Alamin.)Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr said; "I said, `O Allah's Messenger!

Which Masjid was the first to be built on the surface of the earth' He said, `Al-Masjid Al-Haram (in Makkah).' I said, `Which was built next' He replied `Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem).' I said, `What was the period of time between building the two' He said, `Forty years.' He added,«ثُمَّ حَيْثُ أَدْرَكْتَ الصَّلَاةَ فَصَلِّ، فَكُلُّهَا مَسْجِد»(Wherever (you may be, and) the prayer becomes due, perform the prayer there, for the whole earth was made a Masjid.)" Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collected this Hadith.

The Names of Makkah, Such As `Bakkah

Allah said,لَلَّذِى بِبَكَّةَ(was that at Bakkah), where Bakkah is one of the names of Makkah. Bakkah means, `it brings Buka' (crying, weeping) to the tyrants and arrogant, meaning they cry and become humble in its vicinity. It was also said that Makkah was called Bakkah because people do Buka next to it, meaning they gather around it. There are many names for Makkah, such as Bakkah, Al-Bayt Al-`Atiq (the Ancient House), Al-Bayt Al-Haram (the Sacred House), Al-Balad Al-Amin (the City of Safety) and Al-Ma'mun (Security). Makkah's names include Umm Rahm (Mother of Mercy), Umm Al-Qura (Mother of the Towns), Salah, as well as others.

The Station of Ibrahim

Allah's statement,فِيهِ ءَايَـتٌ بَيِّـنَـتٌ(In it are manifest signs) 3:97, means, clear signs that Ibrahim built the Ka`bah and that Allah has honored and blessed it. Allah then said,مَّقَامِ إِبْرَهِيمَ(the Maqam (station) of Ibrahim) When the building the Ka`bah was raised, Ibrahim stood on; the Maqam so that he could raise the walls higher, while his son Isma`il was handing the stones to him. We should mention that the Maqam used to be situated right next to the House. Later, and during his reign, `Umar bin Al-Khattab moved the Maqam farther to the east, so that those who go around the House in Tawaf are able to perform it easily, without disturbing those who pray next to the Maqam after finishing their Tawaf. Allah commanded us to pray next to the Maqam;وَاتَّخِذُواْ مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَهِيمَ مُصَلًّى(And take you (people) the Maqam (station) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer) 2:125.

We mentioned the Hadiths about this subject before, and all the thanks are due to Allah. Al-`Awfi said that, Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah's statement,فِيهِ ءَايَـتٌ بَيِّـنَـتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَهِيمَ(In it are manifest signs, the Maqam of Ibrahim;)"Such as the Maqam and Al-Mash`ar Al-Haram." Mujahid said, "The impression of Ibrahim's feet remains on the Maqam as a clear sign." It was reported that `Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Muqatil bin Hayyan and others said similarly.

Al-Haram, the Sacred Area, is a Safe Area

Allah said,وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ ءَامِناً(whosoever enters it, he attains security,) 3:97 meaning, the Haram of Makkah is a safe refuge for those in a state of fear. There in its vicinity, they will be safe, just as was the case during the time of Jahiliyyah. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "(During the time of Jahiliyyah) a man would commit murder, then wear a piece of wool around his neck and enter the Haram. And even when the son of the murdered person would meet him, he would not make a move against him, until he left the sanctuary." Allah said,أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَماً ءامِناً وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ(Have they not seen that We have made (Makkah) a secure sanctuary, while men are being snatched away from all around them) 29:67, and,فَلْيَعْبُدُواْ رَبَّ هَـذَا الْبَيْتِ - الَّذِى أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خوْفٍ(So let them worship (Allah) the Lord of this House (the Ka`bah). (He) Who has fed them against hunger, and has made them safe from fear) 106:3-4.

It is not allowed for anyone to hunt in the Haram or to drive game out of its den to be hunted, or cut the trees in its vicinity, or pick its grass, as the Hadiths of the Prophet and the statements of the Companions testify. The Two Sahihs recorded (this being the wording of Muslim) that Ibn `Abbas said, "On the day of the conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«لَا هِجْرَةَ، وَلــكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّـةٌ، وَإِذَا اسْتُنْفِرْتُمْ فَانْفِرُوا»(There is no more Hijrah (migration to Makkah), only Jihad and good intention. If you were mobilized, then march forth.)He also said on the day of the conquest of Makkah,«إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَواتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللهِ إِلى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ الْقِتَالُ فِيهِ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لِي إِلَّا فِي سَاعَةٍ مِنْ نَهَارٍ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، لَا يُعْضَدُ شَوْكُهُ، وُلَا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهُ، وَلَا يَلْتَقِطُ لُقَطَتَهَا إِلَّا مَنْ عَرَّفَهَا، وَلَا يُخْتَلَى خَلَاهَا»(Beware!

Allah made this town (Makkah) a sanctuary when He created the heavens and earth, and it is sacred by Allah's decree until the Day of Resurrection. Fighting in Makkah was not permitted for anyone before me, and it was made legal for me for only a few hours or so on that day. No doubt it is at this moment a sanctuary by Allah's decree until the Day of Resurrection. It is not allowed to uproot its thorny shrubs, hunt its game, pick up its lost objects, except by announcing it, or to uproot its trees.)Al-`Abbas said, `Except the lemon grass, O Allah's Messenger, as they use it in their houses and graves.' The Prophet said:«إِلَّا الْإِذْخِر»(Except lemongrass)."The Two Sahihs also recorded that Abu Shurayh Al-`Adawi said that he said to `Amr bin Sa`id while he was sending the troops to Makkah (to fight `Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr), "O Commander! Allow me to tell you what Allah's Messenger ﷺ said on the day following the conquest of Makkah.

My ears heard it and my heart memorized it thoroughly, and I saw the Prophet with my own eyes when he, after glorifying and praising Allah, said,«إِنَّ مَكَّةَ حَرَّمَهَا اللهُ، وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِى يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ بِهَا دَمًا، وَلَا يَعْضِدَ بِهَا شَجَرَةً، فَإِنْ أَحَدٌ تَرَخَّصَ بِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِصلى الله عليه وسلّم فِيهَا فَقُولُوا لَهُ: إِنَّ اللهَ أَذِنَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَكُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا أَذِنَ لِي فِيهَا سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ، وَقَدْ عَادَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِب»(Allah, not the people, made Makkah a sanctuary. Therefore, anybody who has belief in Allah and the Last Day, should neither shed blood in it nor cut down its trees. If anybody argues that fighting in it is permissible on the basis that Allah's Messenger ﷺ fought in Makkah, say to him, `Allah allowed His Messenger and did not allow you.' Allah allowed me only for a few hours on that day (of the conquest), and today its sanctity is as valid as it was before.

So, those who are present, should inform those who are absent of this fact.)."Abu Shurayh was asked, "What did `Amr reply" He said that `Amr said, "O Abu Shurayh! I know better than you in this respect; Makkah does not give protection to a sinner, a murderer or a thief."Jabir bin `Abdullah said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying,«لَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدِكُمْ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ بِمَكَّةَ السِّلَاح»(None of you is allowed to carry a weapon in Makkah.) Muslim recorded this Hadith.`Abdullah bin `Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say while standing at Al-Hazwarah in the marketplace of Makkah,«وَاللهِ إِنَّكِ لَخَيْرُ أَرْضِ اللهِ، وَأَحَبُّ أَرْضِ اللهِ إِلَى اللهِ، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي أُخْرِجْتُ مِنْكِ مَا خَرَجْت»(By Allah! You are the best of Allah's land and the most beloved land to Allah. Had it not been for the fact that I was driven out of you, I would not have left you.)Imam Ahmad collected this Hadith and this is his wording. At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah also collected it. At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih."The Necessity of Performing Hajj

Allah said,وَللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَـعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً(And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, for those who are able to undertake the journey) 3:97.

This Ayah established the obligation of performing Hajj. There are many Hadiths that mention it as one of the pillars and fundamentals of Islam, and this is agreed upon by the Muslims. According to texts and the consensus of the scholars, it is only obligatory for the adult Muslim to perform it once during his lifetime. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ once gave a speech in which he said,«أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ فُرِضَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْحَجُّ فَحُجُّوا»(O people!

Hajj has been enjoined on you, therefore, perform Hajj.)A man asked, "Is it every year, O Allah's Messenger" The Prophet remained silent until the man repeated the question three times and he then said,«لَوْ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لَوَجَبَتْ وَلَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُم»(Had I said yes, it would have become an obligation and you would not have been able to fulfill it.) He said next,«ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ سُؤَالِهِمْ وَاخْتِلَافِهِمْ عَلى أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ، وَإِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ، وَإِذَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَدَعُوه»(Leave me as I leave you, those before you were destroyed because of their many questions and disputing with their Prophets. If I command you with something, perform it as much as you can. If I forbid something for you, then refrain from it.) Muslim recorded similarly.

Meaning of `Afford' in the Ayah

There are several categories of "the ability to under take the journey". There is the physical ability of the person himself and the ability that is related to other things as mentioned in the books of jurisprudence. Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi recorded that Ibn `Umar said, "A man stood up and asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ `O Messenger of Allah! Who is the pilgrim' He said, `He who has untidy hair and clothes.' Another man asked, `Which Hajj is better, O Messenger of Allah' He said, `The noisy (with supplication to Allah) and bloody (with sacrifice).' Another man asked, `What is the ability to undertake the journey, O Messenger of Allah' He said, `Having provision and a means of transportation."' This is the narration that Ibn Majah collected.

Al-Hakim narrated that Anas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about Allah's statement,مَنِ اسْتَطَـعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً(for those who are able to undertake the journey;) 3:97 "What does `able to undertake the journey' mean" The Prophet answered, "Having sufficient provision and a means of transportation." Al-Hakim stated that this Hadith's chain of narration is authentic, following the guidelines of Muslim in his Sahih, but the Two Sahihs did not collect it. Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,«مَنْ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ فَلْيَتَعَجَّل»(Whoever intends to perform Hajj, let him rush to perform it.) Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

The One who Denies the Necessity of Hajj Becomes a Disbeliever

Allah said,وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ الله غَنِىٌّ عَنِ الْعَـلَمِينَ(...and whoever disbelieves, then Allah stands not in need of any of the `Alamin) 3:97.

Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others commented on this Ayah, "Whoever denies the necessity of Hajj becomes disbeliever, and Allah is far Richer than to need him." Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Isma`ili recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "Whoever can afford Hajj but did not perform it, there is no difference in his case if he dies while Jew or Christian." This has an authentic chain of narration leading to `Umar.

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

Three distinctions of بیت اللہ Baytullah

Related in this verse are distinctions and merits of the House of Allah, that is, the Ka` bah. Firstly, it has many signs of Allah's power, one of them being the station of Ibrahim مقام ابراھیم (Maqamu Ibrahim). Secondly, one who enters there becomes a recipient of peace and remains protected; he cannot be killed by anybody. Thirdly, it is obligatory on all Muslims around the world that they make the Hajj of the House of Allah, subject to the condition that one has the means and the ability to reach as far as there.

The signs of Allah's Power:Since the time the foundations of بیت اللہ Baytullah were laid out, Allah Almighty has, because of its enormous blessings provided protection to the people of Makkah against enemy attacks. When Abrahah invaded Makkah with his army of elephants, Allah Almighty, in His most perfect power, destroyed them through birds. Those who enter the sacred precincts of Makkah, men and women, even animals, stand protected.

When there is rainfall on a certain side of بیت اللہ Baytullah, it has been observed that countries situated on that side are favoured with substantial rainfalls. Another unusual sign relates to the Jamarat, the granite pillars on which every pilgrim throws seven pebbles each, everyday for three days. A couple of million or more pilgrims go there every year. Had these pebbles remained there, the Jamarat would have been buried under a mountain of pebbles. The fact is that any huge deposits of pebbles are not visible there after the passage of three days of Hajj, except some scattered pebbles the cause of which is, as stated by the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، that angels pick up these pebbles and the pebbles left there belong to people whose Hajj is not accepted for some reason. This is why it is forbidden to pick up pebbles lying near the Jamarat and throw them on the pillars, as part of Hajj rites, since they are from the unaccepted ones.

In his comments on this phenomenon, Shaykh Jalal al-Din al

Suyuti has said in الخصایٔص الکبرا al-Khasaa'is al-Kubra that there are some miracles of the Holy Prophet ﷺ which still live and stand, and shall continue right through to the Day of judgment and everyone shall see them. One of these, of course, is the unmatched presence of the Holy Qur'an itself which cannot be matched even if the whole world joined its forces. This inability persists all the same as it was during the blessed days of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and shall continue to persist like that right through to the Day of Judgment. Every Muslim, no matter of what period of time, shall be able to challenge the whole world: فَأْتُوا بِسُورَ‌ةٍ مِّثْلِهِ (Then, produce a Surah like it -10:38).

So is the miracle of Jamarat as stated above. Similarly there is the statement of the Prophet ﷺ in respect of Jamarat. He has stated that pebbles thrown on these pillars are picked up by the angels in a manner invisible to mankind. The few pebbles left belong to those unfortunate people whose pilgrimage is not accepted by Allah. The Prophet's statement has stood the test of time for centuries in a row and it will continue upto the Great Day. This is one of the continuing miracles of the Prophet ﷺ and a major sign of Allah in respect of the revered house of Ka'bah.

The Station of Ibrahim:From among the signs associated with the Ka'bah there is the great sign - The Maqamu Ibrahim' which has been mentioned separately in its own right. The Station of Ibrahim is the name of the stone on which Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) stood while building the edifice of بیت اللہ Baytullah (the Ka'bah). There are narrations reporting that the stone raised itself along with the rising level of construction and came down automatically when so required. The footprints of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) are still there on this stone. Obviously Obviously, that an inert and unconscious stone is invested with sudden intelligent volition to respond to functional needs and elevate itself, or come down, or that it is given the ability to assume the plasticity of wax and let a perfect print of feet appear on its surface, are all signs of the most perfect power of Allah reflecting the superior merit of بیت اللہ Baytullah.

This stone used to be on the ground close to the door of the بیت اللہ Baytullah. When came the Qur'anic command: وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَ‌اهِيمَ مُصَلًّى (And make the station of Ibrahim a place of prayer - 2:125), this stone was removed from there, considering the convenience of those who made tawaf, and placed in front of the بیت اللہ Baytullah, but at some distance outside the مطاف ma-taf (the area where طواف طواف awaf is made) close to Bi'r Zamzam (the well of Zamzam, the original site of which is now marked with a black marble circle on the floor of the بیت اللہ Baytullah with the legend inlaid in Arabic). Later, it was secured in a small structure behind which the two post-tawaf raka` at were offered. The present position is that the station of Ibrahim has been placed securely in a strong metal-crystal casing, but it is the particular stone inside it which is the Maqamu Ibrahim'. Offering the post-Tw‘af salah comprising two raka` at behind or close to it is more merit-worthy.

But the appellation, Maqamu Ibrahim' taken in a literal sense, covers the entire al-Masjid al-Haram, the Sacred Mosque. Therefore, Muslim jurists have ruled that offering the two raka'at after Twaf anywhere within the Sacred Mosque would satisfy one's obligation.'Whoever enters بیت اللہ Baytullah is secure':The second peculiarity of the Ka'bah mentioned in the verse is that 'whoever enters it is secure'. This statement has different aspects. Firstly, it is true in the legal sense, for Allah Almighty has ordained that one who enters there should not be molested or killed; even, if a person kills someone or commits some other crime and goes into the sanctuary, he too should not be punished in there. Instead of that, he should be compelled to come out of the حرم Haram and when he does come out of the حرم Haram, the punishment due will then be given. This is how an entrant to حرم Haram gets the protection of Divine law.

The second form of security provided to the entrants of حرم Haram is factual. In the very design of Divine creation, Allah Almighty has caused awe and reverence for بیت اللہ Baytullah to take roots in the hearts of people. Even the Arab tribes of جاھلیہ Jahiliyyah, inspite of all their evil practices, were ready to sacrifice their lives to uphold the honour of بیت اللہ Baytullah. That they were all too wild and warring is well-known, yet they held the حرم Haram in such esteem that a son whose father was killed would say nothing to the killer and quietly move away from him in-spite of his burning rage for revenge.

The only time fighting was allowed within the حرم Haram area was for a few hours through a revelation from Allah Almighty. The occasion was the conquest of Makkah and the permission was restricted to the Holy Prophet ﷺ in order that he could cleanse the بیت اللہ Baytullah and serve an important objective of faith. Soon after the conquest, the Holy Prophet ﷺ made an express announcement to this effect and stressed that the original unlawfulness of fighting in the حرم Haram continues to be valid for ever.

As far as the case of Hajjaj ibn Yusuf is concerned who, after the time of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، took armed action against Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn Zubayr ؓ in Makkah, resorting to killings and terror. Since his action was a grave sin and a flagrant violation of law and Ka'bah's sanctity, in the sight of the entire community which hated him for what he did, therefore, it does not affect the divine declaration of Ka` bah's sanctity. It is also difficult to say that he violated the built-in sanctity of بیت اللہ Baytullah as such intentionally, for Hajjaj himself did not believe in the lawfulness of this action of his; he knew that he was committing a serious crime but he became overwhelmed by political and administrative considerations.

However, the truth is that the Muslim community at large has always held the حرم Haram and بیت اللہ Baytullah in the highest possible esteem and has always regarded fighting or quarrelling in the sacred precincts as one of the most ugly sins. This is a unique mark of بیت اللہ Baytullah, universally and exclusively.

The obligation of Hajj: A Distinction of بیت اللہ Baytullah

Allah Almighty has made the Hajj of بیت اللہ Baytullah an obligation subject to the condition that one has the necessary means and ability to reach there. Having 'means' can be explained by saying that one should have resources surplus to his basic needs which could help him take care of the cost of travel, to بیت اللہ Baytullah and back home, and the expenses incurred during stay in the Holy Land. It is also necessary that his 'means' should be good enough to cover the expenses of his family until his return, for this is an standing obligation on him. Then, one should not be physically handicapped, being unable to see, or use hands and feet, for a handicapped person would not have the ability to go that far and complete the many requirements of the Hajj.

As women are not legally permitted to travel without a محرم Mahram (marriage with whom is prohibited), they would be considered 'able' to embark on their Hajj if they are travelling with a محرم Mahram making his Hajj whether the محرم Mahram is bearing his own expenses or the woman pays for his expenses as well. Similarly, the route taken to reach the Hajj site should also be secure since this too is part of the condition of 'ability'. If peaceful conditions do not exist on the Hajj route and there is an acute danger to life and property, then, it would mean an absence of the 'ability' to perform Hajj.

Literally, Hajj means 'to intend'. What it means in terms of prescribed religious observance is already stated in the Holy Qur'an it-self, that is, the طواف tawaf of the Ka` bah, the stay in ` Arafat, and in Muzdalifah. Remaining details have been made clear by the Holy Prophet ﷺ through his words and deeds. So, after the announcement that the Hajj of بیت اللہ Baytullah is an obligation, it was said:وَمَن كَفَرَ‌ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَAnd if one disbelieves, then Allah is independent of all the worlds.

Included here, undoubtedly, is the person who intentionally rejects the belief that Hajj is obligatory. It is obvious that such a person can-not be considered a Muslim. He is a disbeliever indeed, for the description: "And if one disbelieves" fits him clearly and comprehensively. Then, comes the case of one who does believe that Hajj is an obligation, yet he does not, inspite of having the means and the ability, perform it. He too, in a way, is no less a denier of the Divine command. In his case, the words: "and if one disbelieves" will apply in the form of admonition and warning since this person is acting like disbelievers who do not perform Hajj. In the process, such a person acts just like one of them.

This is why Muslim jurists, رحمہم اللہ have said that this is a severe warning to those who do not perform Hajj inspite of having the means and the ability to do so and thus, by this heedless act of theirs, they become the likes of disbelievers. Let us seek refuge with Allah from such a fate.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

في هذا البيت دلالات ظاهرات أنه من بناء إبراهيم، وأن الله عظَّمه وشرَّفه، منها: مقام إبراهيم عليه السلام، وهو الحَجَر الذي كان يقف عليه حين كان يرفع القواعد من البيت هو وابنه إسماعيل، ومن دخل هذا البيت أَمِنَ على نفسه فلا يناله أحد بسوء. وقد أوجب الله على المستطيع من الناس في أي مكان قَصْدَ هذا البيت لأداء مناسك الحج. ومن جحد فريضة الحج فقد كفر، والله غني عنه وعن حجِّه وعمله، وعن سائر خَلْقه.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

( فيه آيات بينات ) أي : دلالات ظاهرة أنه من بناء إبراهيم ، وأن الله تعالى عظمه وشرفه .ثم قال تعالى : ( مقام إبراهيم ) يعني : الذي لما ارتفع البناء استعان به على رفع القواعد منه والجدران ، حيث كان يقف عليه ويناوله ولده إسماعيل ، وقد كان ملتصقا بجدار البيت ، حتى أخره عمر بن الخطاب ، رضي الله عنه ، في إمارته إلى ناحية الشرق بحيث يتمكن الطواف ، ولا يشوشون على المصلين عنده بعد الطواف ، لأن الله تعالى قد أمرنا بالصلاة عنده حيث قال : ( واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ) [ البقرة : 125 ] وقد قدمنا الأحاديث في ذلك ، فأغنى عن إعادته هاهنا ، ولله الحمد والمنة .وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( فيه آيات بينات مقام إبراهيم ) أي : فمنهن مقام إبراهيم والمشعر .وقال مجاهد : أثر قدميه في المقام آية بينة . وكذا روي عن عمر بن عبد العزيز ، والحسن ، وقتادة ، والسدي ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، وغيرهم .وقال أبو طالب في قصيدته :وموطئ إبراهيم في الصخر رطبة على قدميه حافيا غير ناعلوقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو سعيد وعمرو الأودي قالا حدثنا وكيع ، حدثنا سفيان ، عن ابن جريج ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( مقام إبراهيم ) قال : الحرم كله مقام إبراهيم .

ولفظ عمرو : الحجر كله مقام إبراهيم .وروي عن سعيد بن جبير أنه قال : الحج مقام إبراهيم .

هكذا رأيت في النسخة ، ولعله الحجر كله مقام إبراهيم ، وقد صرح بذلك مجاهد .وقوله : ( ومن دخله كان آمنا ) يعني : حرم مكة إذا دخله الخائف يأمن من كل سوء ، وكذلك كان الأمر في حال الجاهلية ، كما قال الحسن البصري وغيره : كان الرجل يقتل فيضع في عنقه صوفة ويدخل الحرم فيلقاه ابن المقتول فلا يهيجه حتى يخرج .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبو سعيد الأشج ، حدثنا أبو يحيى التيمي ، عن عطاء ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( ومن دخله كان آمنا ) قال : من عاذ بالبيت أعاذه البيت ، ولكن لا يؤوى ولا يطعم ولا يسقى ، فإذا خرج أخذ بذنبه .وقال الله تعالى : ( أولم يروا أنا جعلنا حرما آمنا ويتخطف الناس من حولهم ) [ العنكبوت : 67 ] وقال تعالى : ( فليعبدوا رب هذا البيت الذي أطعمهم من جوع وآمنهم من خوف ) [ قريش : 3 ، 4 ] وحتى إنه من جملة تحريمها حرمة اصطياد صيدها وتنفيره عن أوكاره ، وحرمة قطع أشجارها وقلع حشيشها ، كما ثبتت الأحاديث والآثار في ذلك عن جماعة من الصحابة مرفوعا وموقوفا .ففي الصحيحين ، واللفظ لمسلم ، عن ابن عباس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم الفتح فتح مكة : " لا هجرة ولكن جهاد ونية ، وإذا استنفرتم فانفروا " ، وقال يوم الفتح فتح مكة : " إن هذا البلد حرمه الله يوم خلق السموات والأرض ، فهو حرام بحرمة الله إلى يوم القيامة ، وإنه لم يحل القتال فيه لأحد قبلي ، ولم يحل لي إلا في ساعة من نهار ، فهو حرام بحرمة الله إلى يوم القيامة ، لا يعضد شوكه ، ولا ينفر صيده ، ولا يلتقط لقطته إلا من عرفها ، ولا يختلى خلاها .

فقال العباس : يا رسول الله ، إلا الإذخر ، فإنه لقينهم ولبيوتهم ، فقال : " إلا الإذخر " .ولهما عن أبي هريرة ، مثله أو نحوه ولهما واللفظ لمسلم أيضا عن أبي شريح العدوي أنه قال لعمرو بن سعيد ، وهو يبعث البعوث إلى مكة : ائذن لي أيها الأمير أن أحدثك قولا قام به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الغد من يوم الفتح سمعته أذناي ووعاه قلبي وأبصرته عيناي حين تكلم به ، إنه حمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال : " إن مكة حرمها الله ولم يحرمها الناس ، فلا يحل لامرئ يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر أن يسفك بها دما ، ولا يعضد بها شجرة ، فإن أحد ترخص بقتال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيها فقولوا له : إن الله أذن لرسوله ولم يأذن لكم ، وإنما أذن لي فيها ساعة من نهار ، وقد عادت حرمتها اليوم كحرمتها بالأمس فليبلغ الشاهد الغائب " فقيل لأبي شريح : ما قال لك عمرو ؟

قال : أنا أعلم بذلك منك يا أبا شريح ، إن الحرم لا يعيذ عاصيا ولا فارا بدم ولا فارا بخزية .وعن جابر قال : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : " لا يحل لأحدكم أن يحمل بمكة السلاح " رواه مسلم .وعن عبد الله بن عدي بن الحمراء الزهري أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول ، وهو واقف بالحزورة في سوق مكة : " والله إنك لخير أرض الله ، وأحب أرض الله إلى الله ، ولولا أني أخرجت منك ما خرجت " .رواه الإمام أحمد ، وهذا لفظه ، والترمذي ، والنسائي ، وابن ماجه .

وقال الترمذي : حسن صحيح وكذا صحح من حديث ابن عباس نحوه ، وروى أحمد عن أبي هريرة ، نحوه .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا بشر بن آدم ابن بنت أزهر السمان حدثنا أبو عاصم ، عن زريق بن مسلم الأعمى مولى بني مخزوم ، حدثني زياد بن أبي عياش ، عن يحيى بن جعدة بن هبيرة ، في قوله تعالى : ( ومن دخله كان آمنا ) قال : آمنا من النار .وفي معنى هذا القول الحديث الذي رواه البيهقي : أخبرنا أبو الحسن علي بن أحمد بن عبدان ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبيد ، حدثنا محمد بن سليمان الواسطي ، حدثنا سعيد بن سليمان ، حدثنا ابن المؤمل ، عن ابن محيصن ، عن عطاء ، عن عبد الله بن عباس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من دخل البيت دخل في حسنة وخرج من سيئة ، وخرج مغفورا له " : ثم قال : تفرد به عبد الله بن المؤمل ، وليس بقوي .وقوله : ( ولله على الناس حج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) هذه آية وجوب الحج عند الجمهور .

وقيل : بل هي قوله : ( وأتموا الحج والعمرة لله ) [ البقرة : 196 ] والأول أظهر .وقد وردت الأحاديث المتعددة بأنه أحد أركان الإسلام ودعائمه وقواعده ، وأجمع المسلمون على ذلك إجماعا ضروريا ، وإنما يجب على المكلف في العمر مرة واحدة بالنص والإجماع .قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا يزيد بن هارون ، أخبرنا الربيع بن مسلم القرشي ، عن محمد بن زياد ، عن أبي هريرة قال : خطبنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : " أيها الناس ، قد فرض عليكم الحج فحجوا " . فقال رجل : أكل عام يا رسول الله ؟ فسكت ، حتى قالها ثلاثا . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " لو قلت : نعم ، لوجبت ، ولما استطعتم " . ثم قال : " ذروني ما تركتكم ، فإنما هلك من كان قبلكم بكثرة سؤالهم واختلافهم على أنبيائهم ، وإذا أمرتكم بشيء فأتوا منه ما استطعتم ، وإذا نهيتكم عن شيء فدعوه " . ورواه مسلم ، عن زهير بن حرب ، عن يزيد بن هارون ، به نحوه .وقد روى سفيان بن حسين ، وسليمان بن كثير ، وعبد الجليل بن حميد ، ومحمد بن أبي حفصة ، عن الزهري ، عن أبي سنان الدؤلي - واسمه يزيد بن أمية - عن ابن عباس قال : خطبنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : " يا أيها الناس ، إن الله كتب عليكم الحج " . فقام الأقرع بن حابس فقال : يا رسول الله ، أفي كل عام ؟

قال : " لو قلتها ، لوجبت ، ولو وجبت لم تعملوا بها ، ولم تستطيعوا أن تعملوا بها ، الحج مرة ، فمن زاد فهو تطوع " .رواه أحمد ، وأبو داود ، والنسائي ، وابن ماجه ، والحاكم من حديث الزهري ، به . ورواه شريك ، عن سماك ، عن عكرمة ، عن ابن عباس ، بنحوه . وروي من حديث أسامة يزيد .[ و ] قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا منصور بن وردان ، عن علي بن عبد الأعلى ، عن أبيه ، عن أبي البختري ، عن علي قال : لما نزلت : ( ولله على الناس حج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) قالوا : يا رسول الله ، في كل عام ؟ فسكت ، قالوا : يا رسول الله ، في كل عام ؟ قال : " لا ، ولو قلت : نعم ، لوجبت " . فأنزل الله تعالى : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم ) [ المائدة : 101 ] .وكذا رواه الترمذي ، وابن ماجه ، والحاكم ، من حديث منصور بن وردان ، به : ثم قال الترمذي : حسن غريب . وفيما قال نظر ، لأن البخاري قال : لم يسمع أبو البختري من علي .وقال ابن ماجه : حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن نمير ، حدثنا محمد بن أبي عبيدة ، عن أبيه ، عن الأعمش ، عن أبي سفيان ، عن أنس بن مالك قال : قالوا : يا رسول الله ، الحج في كل عام ؟

قال : " لو قلت نعم ، لوجبت ، ولو وجبت لم تقوموا بها ، ولو لم تقوموا بها لعذبتم " .وفي الصحيحين من حديث ابن جريج ، عن عطاء ، عن جابر ، عن سراقة بن مالك قال : يا رسول الله ، متعتنا هذه لعامنا هذا أم للأبد ؟ قال : " لا ، بل للأبد " . وفي رواية : " بل لأبد أبد " .وفي مسند الإمام أحمد ، وسنن أبي داود ، من حديث واقد بن أبي واقد الليثي ، عن أبيه ، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لنسائه في حجته : " هذه ثم ظهور الحصر " يعني : ثم الزمن ظهور الحصر ، ولا تخرجن من البيوت .وأما الاستطاعة فأقسام : تارة يكون الشخص مستطيعا بنفسه ، وتارة بغيره ، كما هو مقرر في كتب الأحكام .قال أبو عيسى الترمذي : حدثنا عبد بن حميد ، أخبرنا عبد الرزاق ، أخبرنا إبراهيم بن يزيد قال : سمعت محمد بن عباد بن جعفر يحدث عن ابن عمر قال : قام رجل إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : من الحاج يا رسول الله ؟ قال : " الشعث التفل " فقام آخر فقال : أي الحج أفضل يا رسول الله ؟ قال : " العج والثج " ، فقام آخر فقال : ما السبيل يا رسول الله ؟ قال : " الزاد والراحلة " .وهكذا رواه ابن ماجه من حديث إبراهيم بن يزيد وهو الخوزي . قال الترمذي : ولا نعرفه إلا من حديثه ، وقد تكلم فيه بعض أهل العلم من قبل حفظه . كذا قال هاهنا .

وقال في كتاب الحج : هذا حديث حسن .[ و ] لا يشك أن هذا الإسناد رجاله كلهم ثقات سوى الخوزي هذا ، وقد تكلموا فيه من أجل هذا الحديث .لكن قد تابعه غيره ، فقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا عبد العزيز بن عبد الله العامري ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير الليثي ، عن محمد بن عباد بن جعفر قال : جلست إلى عبد الله بن عمر قال : جاء رجل إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال له : ما السبيل ؟ قال : " الزاد والراحلة " . وكذا رواه ابن مردويه من رواية محمد بن عبد الله بن عبيد بن عمير ، به .ثم قال ابن أبي حاتم : وقد روي عن ابن عباس ، وأنس ، والحسن ، ومجاهد ، وعطاء ، وسعيد بن جبير ، والربيع بن أنس ، وقتادة - نحو ذلك .وقد روي هذا الحديث من طرق أخر من حديث أنس ، وعبد الله بن عباس ، وابن مسعود ، وعائشة كلها مرفوعة ، ولكن في أسانيدها مقال كما هو مقرر في كتاب الأحكام ، والله أعلم .وقد اعتنى الحافظ أبو بكر بن مردويه بجمع طرق هذا الحديث . ورواه الحاكم من حديث قتادة عن حماد بن سلمة ، عن قتادة ، عن أنس ، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل عن قول الله : ( من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) فقيل ما السبيل ؟ قال : " الزاد والراحلة " .

ثم قال : صحيح على شرط مسلم ، ولم يخرجاه .وقال ابن جرير : حدثني يعقوب ، حدثنا ابن علية ، عن يونس ، عن الحسن قال : قرأ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( ولله على الناس حج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) قالوا : يا رسول الله ، ما السبيل ؟

قال : " الزاد والراحلة " .ورواه وكيع في تفسيره ، عن سفيان ، عن يونس ، به .وقال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الرزاق ، أنبأنا الثوري ، عن إسماعيل - وهو أبو إسرائيل الملائي - عن فضيل - يعني ابن عمرو - عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " تعجلوا إلى الحج - يعني الفريضة - فإن أحدكم لا يدري ما يعرض له " .وقال أحمد أيضا : حدثنا أبو معاوية ، حدثنا الحسن بن عمرو الفقيمي ، عن مهران بن أبي صفوان عن ابن عباس قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من أراد الحج فليتعجل " .ورواه أبو داود ، عن مسدد ، عن أبي معاوية الضرير ، به .وقد روى ابن جبير ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) قال : من ملك ثلاثمائة درهم فقد استطاع إليه سبيلا .وعن عكرمة مولاه أنه قال : السبيل الصحة .وروى وكيع بن الجراح ، عن أبي جناب - يعني الكلبي - عن الضحاك بن مزاحم ، عن ابن عباس قال : ( من استطاع إليه سبيلا ) قال : الزاد والبعير .وقوله : ( ومن كفر فإن الله غني عن العالمين ) قال ابن عباس ومجاهد وغير واحد : أي ومن جحد فريضة الحج فقد كفر ، والله غني عنه .وقال سعيد بن منصور ، عن سفيان ، عن ابن أبي نجيح ، عن عكرمة قال : لما نزلت : ( ومن يبتغ غير الإسلام دينا فلن يقبل منه ) قالت اليهود : فنحن مسلمون .

قال الله ، عز وجل فاخصمهم فحجهم - يعني فقال لهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : " إن الله فرض على المسلمين حج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا " فقالوا : لم يكتب علينا ، وأبوا أن يحجوا . قال الله : ( ومن كفر فإن الله غني عن العالمين ) .وروى ابن أبي نجيح ، عن مجاهد ، نحوه .وقال أبو بكر بن مردويه : حدثنا عبد الله بن جعفر ، أخبرنا إسماعيل بن عبد الله بن مسعود ، أخبرنا مسلم بن إبراهيم وشاذ بن فياض قالا أخبرنا هلال أبو هاشم الخراساني ، أخبرنا أبو إسحاق الهمداني ، عن الحارث ، عن علي ، رضي الله عنه ، قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " من ملك زادا وراحلة ولم يحج بيت الله ، فلا يضره مات يهوديا أو نصرانيا ، ذلك بأن الله قال : ( ولله على الناس حج البيت من استطاع إليه سبيلا ومن كفر فإن الله غني عن العالمين ) .ورواه ابن جرير من حديث مسلم بن إبراهيم ، به .وهكذا رواه ابن أبي حاتم عن أبي زرعة الرازي : حدثنا هلال بن فياض ، حدثنا هلال أبو هاشم الخراساني ، فذكره بإسناده مثله .

ورواه الترمذي عن محمد بن يحيى القطعي ، عن مسلم بن إبراهيم ، عن هلال بن عبد الله مولى ربيعة بن عمرو بن مسلم الباهلي ، به ، وقال : [ هذا ] حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه ، وفي إسناده مقال ، وهلال مجهول ، والحارث يضعف في الحديث .وقال البخاري : هلال هذا منكر الحديث . وقال ابن عدي : هذا الحديث ليس بمحفوظ .وقد روى أبو بكر الإسماعيلي الحافظ من حديث [ أبي ] عمرو الأوزاعي ، حدثني إسماعيل بن عبيد الله بن أبي المهاجر ، حدثني عبد الرحمن بن غنم أنه سمع عمر بن الخطاب يقول : من أطاق الحج فلم يحج ، فسواء عليه يهوديا مات أو نصرانيا .وهذا إسناد صحيح إلى عمر رضي الله عنه ، وروى سعيد بن منصور في سننه عن الحسن البصري قال : قال عمر بن الخطاب : لقد هممت أن أبعث رجالا إلى هذه الأمصار فينظروا كل من كان له جدة فلم يحج ، فيضربوا عليهم الجزية ، ما هم بمسلمين . ما هم بمسلمين .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.