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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

An-Naml 27:51

Word by word

فَٱنظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـٰقِبَةُ مَكْرِهِمْ أَنَّا دَمَّرْنَـٰهُمْ وَقَوْمَهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ

Then look how was the outcome of their plan - that We destroyed them and their people, all.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged) English Ma'arif al-Qur'an English Tafsir Muyassar Arabic Tafsir Ibn Kathir Arabic All sources

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Plot of the Mischief-Makers and the End of the People of Thamud

Allah tells us about the evildoers of Thamud and their leaders who used to call their people to misguidance and disbelief, and to deny Salih. Eventually they killed the she-camel and were about to kill Salih too. They plotted to let him sleep with his family at night, then they would assassinate him and tell his relatives that they knew nothing about what happened to him, and that they were telling the truth because none of them had seen anything. Allah says:وَكَانَ فِى الْمَدِينَةِ(And there were in the city) meaning, in the city of Thamud,تِسْعَةُ رَهْطٍ(nine Raht,) meaning, nine people,يُفْسِدُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ يُصْلِحُونَ(who made mischief in the land, and would not reform.) They forced their opinions on the people of Thamud, because they were the leaders and chiefs. Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said: "These were the people who killed the she-camel," Meaning, that happened upon their instigation, may Allah curse them. Allah says:فَنَادَوْاْ صَـحِبَهُمْ فَتَعَاطَى فَعَقَرَ (But they called their comrade and he took (a sword) and killed (the she-camel).

) (54:29)إِذِ انبَعَثَ أَشْقَـهَا (When the most wicked man among them went forth (to kill the she-camel).) (91:12) `Abdur-Razzaq said that Yahya bin Rabi`ah As-San`ani told them, "I heard `Ata' -- i.e. Ibn Abi Rabah -- say:وَكَانَ فِى الْمَدِينَةِ تِسْعَةُ رَهْطٍ يُفْسِدُونَ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ يُصْلِحُونَ (And there were in the city nine Raht, who made mischief in the land, and would not reform.) `They used to break silver coins."' They would break off pieces from them, as if they used to trade with them in terms of numbers as opposed to weight, as the Arabs used to do.

Imam Malik narrated from Yahya bin Sa`id that Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib said: "Cutting gold and silver (coins) is part of spreading corruption on earth." What is meant is that the nature of these evil disbelievers was to spread corruption on earth by every means possible, one of which was that mentioned by these Imams.قَالُواْ تَقَاسَمُواْ بِاللَّهِ لَنُبَيِّتَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ(They said: "Swear one to another by Allah that we shall make a secret night attack on him and his household...") They took a mutual oath, pledging that during the night, whoever met the Allah's Prophet Salih, peace be upon him, he would assassinate him. But Allah planned against them and caused their plot to backfire. Mujahid said, "They took a mutual oath pledging to kill him, but before they could reach him, they and their people were all destroyed." `Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Hatim said: "When they killed the she-camel, Salih said to them:تَمَتَّعُواْ فِى دَارِكُمْ ثَلَـثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ذلِكَ وَعْدٌ غَيْرُ مَكْذُوبٍ("Enjoy yourselves in your homes for three days.

This is a promise (i.e., a threat) that will not be belied.") (11:65). They said: `Salih claims that he will finish with us in three days, but we will finish him and his family before the three days are over.' Salih had a place of worship in a rocky tract in a valley, where he used to pray. So they set out to go to a cave there one night, and said, `When he comes to pray, we will kill him, then we will return. When we have finished him off, we will go to his family and finish them off too.' Then Allah sent down a rock upon them from the mountains round about; they feared that it would crush them, so they ran into the cave and the rock covered the mouth of the cave while they were inside. Their people did not know where they were or what had happened to them. So Allah punished some of them here, and some of them there, and He saved Salih and the people who were with him.

Then he recited:وَمَكَرُواْ مَكْراً وَمَكَرْنَا مَكْراً وَهُمْ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ فَانظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـقِبَةُ مَكْرِهِمْ أَنَّا دَمَّرْنَـهُمْ وَقَوْمَهُمْبُيُوتُهُمْ خَاوِيَةً(So, they plotted a plot, and We planned a plan, while they perceived not. Then see how was the end of their plot! Verily, We destroyed them and their nation, all together. These are their houses in utter ruin,) i.e., deserted."فَتِلْكَ بُيُوتُهُمْ خَاوِيَةً بِمَا ظَلَمُواْ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لاّيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ - وَأَنجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَكَانُواْ يَتَّقُونَ (for they did wrong. Verily, in this is indeed an Ayah for people who know. And We saved those who believed, and had Taqwa of Allah.)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

لَنُبَيِّتَنَّهُ وَأَهْلَهُ ثُمَّ لَنَقُولَنَّ لِوَلِيِّهِ مَا شَهِدْنَا مَهْلِكَ أَهْلِهِ وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَWe shall attack him (Salih علیہ السلام) and his family at night, then will say to his heir, We did not witness the destruction of his family and we are really truthful - 27:49.

The plan was that all of them together should attack him and his companions in the darkness of night, and kill them all. And when the claimant of the blood would make the claim, they would say that they did not kill him, and also they did not know who had killed him. In saying so they would have uttered the truth because no one could have known who had killed whom in the darkness of the night.

The point to note here is that all the acts of infidelity, disbelief, killing and pillage were being performed by the infidels, rather than those among them who were hardened criminals. Yet they were careful that they don't speak a lie or get blamed for falsehood. This shows how great the sin of falsehood is, that even the perpetrators of heinous crimes avoid it for the sake of their self-respect.

The other thing worth noting in this verse is that the one whom these infidels had mentioned as the Wall or heir of Sayyidna Salili (علیہ السلام) was a man of his own family. So, why did they leave him out from being assassinated? The answer to this question is that he might have been the successor from the lineage point of view, but otherwise he could be an infidel and be a party with the infidels. There could have been the consideration that he might claim the compensation for the blood of Sayyidna Salih (علیہ السلام) because of his relationship with him. The other possibility is that he might have been a Muslim but enjoyed a prominent position and hence there could have been the risk of uprising and reprisal among the people. Only Allah knows best.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

فانظر -أيها الرسول- نظرة اعتبار إلى عاقبة غَدْر هؤلاء الرهط بنبيهم صالح؟ أنا أهلكناهم وقومهم أجمعين.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وقوله : ( قالوا تقاسموا بالله لنبيتنه وأهله ) أي : تحالفوا وتبايعوا على قتل نبي الله صالح ، عليه السلام ، من لقيه ليلا غيلة . فكادهم الله ، وجعل الدائرة عليهم .قال مجاهد : تقاسموا وتحالفوا على هلاكه ، فلم يصلوا إليه حتى هلكوا وقومهم أجمعين .وقال قتادة : توافقوا على أن يأخذوه ليلا فيقتلوه ، وذكر لنا أنهم بينما هم معانيق إلى صالح ليفتكوا به ، إذ بعث الله عليهم صخرة فأهمدتهم .وقال العوفي ، عن ابن عباس : هم الذين عقروا الناقة ، قالوا حين عقروها : نبيت صالحا [ وأهله ] وقومه فنقتلهم ، ثم نقول لأولياء صالح : ما شهدنا من هذا شيئا ، وما لنا به من علم . فدمرهم الله أجمعين .وقال محمد بن إسحاق : قال هؤلاء التسعة بعدما عقروا الناقة : هلم فلنقتل صالحا ، فإن كان صادقا عجلناه قبلنا ، وإن كان كاذبا كنا قد ألحقناه بناقته! فأتوه ليلا ليبيتوه في أهله ، فدمغتهم الملائكة بالحجارة ، فلما أبطؤوا على أصحابهم ، أتوا منزل صالح ، فوجدوهم منشدخين قد رضخوا بالحجارة ، فقالوا لصالح : أنت قتلتهم ، ثم هموا به ، فقامت عشيرته دونه ، ولبسوا السلاح ، وقالوا لهم : والله لا تقتلونه أبدا ، وقد وعدكم أن العذاب نازل بكم في ثلاث ، فإن كان صادقا فلا تزيدوا ربكم عليكم غضبا ، وإن كان كاذبا فأنتم من وراء ما تريدون .

فانصرفوا عنهم ليلتهم تلك .وقال عبد الرحمن بن أبي حاتم : لما عقروا الناقة وقال لهم صالح : ( تمتعوا في داركم ثلاثة أيام ذلك وعد غير مكذوب ) [ هود : 65 ] قالوا : زعم صالح أنه يفرغ منا إلى ثلاثة أيام ، فنحن نفرغ منه وأهله قبل ثلاث . وكان لصالح مسجد في الحجر عند شعب هناك يصلي فيه ، فخرجوا إلى كهف ، أي : غار هناك ليلا فقالوا : إذا جاء يصلي قتلناه ، ثم رجعنا إذا فرغنا منه إلى أهله ، ففرغنا منهم . فبعث الله صخرة من الهضب حيالهم ، فخشوا أن تشدخهم فتبادروا فانطبقت عليهم الصخرة وهم في ذلك الغار ، فلا يدري قومهم أين هم ، ولا يدرون ما فعل بقومهم . فعذب الله هؤلاء هاهنا ، وهؤلاء هاهنا ، وأنجى الله صالحا ومن معه ، ثم قرأ : ( ومكروا مكرا ومكرنا مكرا وهم لا يشعرون فانظر كيف كان عاقبة مكرهم أنا دمرناهم وقومهم أجمعين فتلك بيوتهم خاوية ) أي : فارغة ليس فيها أحد ( بما ظلموا إن في ذلك لآية لقوم يعلمون . وأنجينا الذين آمنوا وكانوا يتقون ) .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.