Tafsir

The Qur'an was revealed by Allah

Here Allah tells us about the Book which He revealed to His servant and Messenger Muhammad ﷺ.وَأَنَّهُ(And truly, this) refers to the Qur'an, which at the beginning of the Surah was described asوَمَا يَأْتِيهِم مِّن ذِكْرٍ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَـنِ مُحْدَثٍ(and never comes there unto them a Reminder as a recent revelation from the Most Gracious...) (26:5).لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ(is a revelation from the Lord of Al-`Alamin.) means, Allah has sent it down to you and revealed it to you.نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الاٌّمِينُ(Which the trustworthy Ruh has brought down.) This refers to Jibril, peace be upon him. This was the view of more than one of the Salaf: Ibn `Abbas, Muhammad bin Ka`b, Qatadah, `Atiyyah Al-`Awfi, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri and Ibn Jurayj. This is an issue concerning which there is no dispute.

Az-Zuhri said, "This is like the Ayah:قُلْ مَن كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِّجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ(Say: "Whoever is an enemy to Jibril -- for indeed he has brought it down to your heart by Allah's permission, confirming what came before it...") (2:97).عَلَى قَلْبِكَ(Upon your heart) `O Muhammad, free from any contamination, with nothing added or taken away.'لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ(that you may be of the warners,) means, `so that you may warn people with it of the punishment of Allah for those who go against it and disbelieve in it, and so that you may give glad tidings with it to the believers who follow it.'بِلِسَانٍ عَرَبِىٍّ مُّبِينٍ(In the plain Arabic language.) meaning, `this Qur'an which We have revealed to you, We have revealed in perfect and eloquent Arabic, so that it may be quite clear, leaving no room for excuses and establishing clear proof, showing the straight path.'وَإِنَّهُ لَفِى زُبُرِ الاٌّوَّلِينَ أَوَلَمْيَكُن لَّهُمْ ءَايَةً أَن يَعْلَمَهُ عُلَمَاءُ بَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَوَلَوْ نَزَّلْنَـهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الاٌّعْجَمِينَ

فَأَخَذَهُمْ عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِso they were seized by the torment of the Day of Canopy. - 26:189عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ (the Torment of the Canopy), mentioned in this verse refers to an incident, which is this: Allah Ta’ ala sent down such an extreme heat on a people that they could not find comfort either inside the houses or outside. Then He sent down a mass of dark cloud over a nearby forest, under which there was a cool breeze. As the entire people were distressed due to excessive heat, they ran to take shelter under the cloud. When all of them assembled under the cover of the cloud, it rained fire instead of water. Thus the whole nation was burnt to ashes. (Ruh al-Ma’ ani)

وإن هذا القرآن الذي ذُكِرَتْ فيه هذه القصص الصادقة، لَمنزَّل مِن خالق الخلق، ومالك الأمر كله، نزل به جبريل الأمين، فتلاه عليك - أيها الرسول - حتى وعيته بقلبك حفظًا وفهمًا؛ لتكون مِن رسل الله الذين يخوِّفون قومهم عقاب الله، فتنذر بهذا التنزيل الإنس والجن أجمعين. نزل به جبريل عليك بلغة عربية واضحة المعنى، ظاهرة الدلالة، فيما يحتاجون إليه في إصلاح شؤون دينهم ودنياهم.

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن الكتاب الذي أنزله على عبده ورسوله محمد ، صلوات الله وسلامه عليه : ( وإنه ) أي : القرآن الذي تقدم ذكره في أول السورة في قوله : ( وما يأتيهم من ذكر من الرحمن محدث ) [ الآية ] . ( لتنزيل رب العالمين ) أي : أنزله الله عليك وأوحاه إليك .