Tafsir

Refutation of false gods

Allah denounces those who take other gods instead of Him:أَمِ اتَّخَذُواْ آلِهَةً مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ هُمْ يُنشِرُونَ (Or have they taken gods from the earth who raise the dead) meaning, can they bring the dead back to life and bring them forth from the earth They cannot do any of that, so how can they make them rivals to Allah and worship them alongside Him Then Allah tells us that if there were another god besides Him, the heavens and the earth would be ruined:لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَآ آلِهَةٌ(Had there been therein gods) means, in the heavens and the earth,لَفَسَدَتَا(then verily, both would have been ruined.) This is like the Ayah:مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَـهٍ إِذاً لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَـهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلاَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ سُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ (No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him. Then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him!) 23:91.

And Allah says here:فَسُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ(Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, above all that they associate with Him!) meaning, glorified be He above what they say about Him having offspring or partners; glorified and exalted and sanctified be He far above all the lies that they fabricate.لاَ يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْـَلُونَ (He cannot be questioned about what He does, while they will be questioned.) He is the Ruler Whose rule cannot be overturned and none can object to it, because of His might, majesty, pride, knowledge, wisdom, justice and subtlety.وَهُمْ يُسْـَلُونَ(while they will be questioned.) means, He is the One Who will ask His creation about what they did. This is like the Ayah:فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسْـَلَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ - عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (So, by your Lord, We shall certainly call all of them to account. For all that they used to do.) 15:92-93وَهُوَ يُجْيِرُ وَلاَ يُجَارُ عَلَيْهِ(And He protects (all), while against Whom there is no protector) 23:88

The next verse viz: لَا يُسْأَلُ عَمَّا يَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ (He is not questioned of what He does, and they are questioned) probably reinforces the argument that anyone who is answerable for his actions to someone else cannot be God.

إن من دلائل تفرُّده سبحانه بالخلق والعبادة أنه لا يُسأل عن قضائه في خلقه، وجميع خلقه يُسألون عن أفعالهم.

وقوله : ( لا يسأل عما يفعل وهم يسألون ) أي : هو الحاكم الذي لا معقب لحكمه ، ولا يعترض عليه أحد ، لعظمته وجلاله وكبريائه ، وعلوه وحكمته وعدله ولطفه ، ( وهم يسألون ) أي : وهو سائل خلقه عما يعملون ، كقوله : ( فوربك لنسألنهم أجمعين عما كانوا يعملون ) [ الحجر : 92 ، 93 ] وهذا كقوله تعالى : ( وهو يجير ولا يجار عليه ) [ المؤمنون : 88 ] .