Tafsir

A Discussion of the Message of Musa

From this point, Allah begins to mention the story of Musa, how revelation began to come to Him, and Allah's speaking directly to him. This occurred after Musa had completed the time agreed upon between he and his father-in-law that he would herd sheep. He was traveling with his family, and it has been said that he was headed for the land of Egypt, after having been away from it for more than ten years. He had his wife with him and he became lost on the way during a cold, wintery night. Therefore, he settled down, making a camp between some mountain passes and mountains that were covered with snow, sleet, dense clouds, darkness and fog. He began to try to make a fire with a kindling device he had with him, in order to produce some light, as was customary. However, it would not kindle anything and it even stopped giving off sparks. While he was in this condition, he saw a fire from the side of the mountain. It appeared to him to be a fire glowing from the right side of the mountain from where he was.

He then announced the good news to his family saying, إِنِّى ءَانَسْتُ نَاراً لَّعَلِّى آتِيكُمْ مِّنْهَا بِقَبَسٍ(Verily, I have seen a fire; perhaps I can bring you some burning brand) This means a flame from a fire. In another Ayah he said, أَوْ جَذْوَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ(or a burning firebrand.) 28:29) This is a coal that has a burning flame. لَّعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ(that you may warm yourselves. ) 28:29 This proves that it was in fact cold weather at that time. Concerning his statement, بِقَبَسٍ(some burning brand) This proves that it was dark. In reference to his statement, أَوْ أَجِدُ عَلَى النَّارِ هُدًى(or find some guidance at the fire.) This means someone who can guide me to the road. This proves that he lost the road. This is as Ath-Thawri reported from Abu Sa`id Al-A`war, from `Ikrimah, from Ibn `Abbas that he said concerning Allah's statement, أَوْ أَجِدُ عَلَى النَّارِ هُدًى(or find some guidance at the fire.) "This means someone who will guide me to the road. They were cold and had lost their way.

Then, when he (Musa) saw the fire he said, `Either I will find someone who can guide us to the road, or at least I can bring you all some fire that you can kindle with.' "

Commentaryوَهَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰ (And has there come to you the story of Musa? - 20:9) In the earlier verses, reference was made to the greatness of the Qur’ an and also to the reverence due to the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Thereafter, the story of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) has been related so that the Holy Prophet ﷺ should become fully aware of the trials and tribulations which afflict the prophets in the discharge of their missions, and which were rendered with courage and fortitude by the earlier prophets. This was to prepare the Holy Prophet ﷺ for the great mission which was entrusted to him. There is another verse which conveys the same sense:وَكُلًّا نَّقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنبَاءِ الرُّ‌سُلِ مَا نُثَبِّتُ بِهِ فُؤَادَكَ"And We narrate to you everything from the events of the messengers with which We strengthen your heart." (11:120)It means that these stories are narrated to prepare you (the Holy Prophet ﷺ) and make you strong to undertake the responsibilities of the mission.

The story of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) which is related here begins like this. At Madyan he stayed with Sayyidna Shu` aib (علیہ السلام) with the understanding that he would serve the latter for a period of eight or ten years. According to Tafsir Al-Bahr ul-Muhit, after the expiry of this period he sought the permission of Sayyidna Shu` aib (علیہ السلام) to proceed to Egypt to see his mother and sister. He had fled earlier from Egypt fearing capture or death by the soldiers of the Pharaoh but this danger had now passed through the lapse of so many years. Sayyidna Shu'aib (علیہ السلام) willingly gave the permission and sent him away, with his wife (who was the latter's daughter). He also gave him some money and a few articles which they might use during their journey. Since he was apprehensive of the hostility of some of the rulers in Syria, he adopted a less frequented route. It was winter season and his pregnant wife was very close to confinement. The route which he had taken was unfamiliar to him, and he lost his bearings. He came out to the west, i.e.

the right side of the mount of Tur.

It was a dark and cold night and to add to the misery, his wife began to experience birth pangs. He tried to strike fire with flint but did not succeed. In this state of utter confusion he saw light on the Tur mountain which, in fact, was the Nur (the light symbolizing the truth). So he said to his family, "I have noticed fire. I am going there to bring for you a live coal and I may also find someone who could tell me the way to Egypt." The presence of his wife on the journey is well established. According to some traditions there was a servant with him who is also addressed. Others say that there were some other companions also who were separated when they lost their way. (Al-Bahr ul-Muhit)

حين رأى في الليل نارًا موقدة فقال لأهله: انتظروا لقد أبصرت نارًا، لعلي أجيئكم منها بشعلة تستدفئون بها، وتوقدون بها نارًا أخرى، أو أجد عندها هاديًا يدلنا على الطريق.

وسار بأهله قيل : قاصدا بلاد مصر بعدما طالت الغيبة عنها أكثر من عشر سنين ، ومعه زوجته ، فأضل الطريق ، وكانت ليلة شاتية ، ونزل منزلا بين شعاب وجبال ، في برد وشتاء ، وسحاب وظلام وضباب ، وجعل يقدح بزند معه ليوري نارا ، كما جرت له العادة به ، فجعل لا يقدح شيئا ، ولا يخرج منه شرر ولا شيء . فبينا هو كذلك ، إذ آنس من جانب الطور نارا ، أي : ظهرت له نار من جانب الجبل الذي هناك عن يمينه ، فقال لأهله يبشرهم : ( إني آنست نارا لعلي آتيكم منها بقبس ) أي : شهاب من نار . وفي الآية الأخرى : ( أو جذوة من النار ) [ القصص : 29 ] وهي الجمر الذي معه لهب ، ( لعلكم تصطلون ) [ القصص : 29 ] دل على وجود البرد ، وقوله : ( بقبس ) دل على وجود الظلام .وقوله : ( أو أجد على النار هدى ) أي : من يهديني الطريق ، دل على أنه قد تاه عن الطريق ، كما قال الثوري ، عن أبي سعد الأعور ، عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( أو أجد على النار هدى ) قال : من يهديني إلى الطريق . وكانوا شاتين وضلوا الطريق ، فلما رأى النار قال : إن لم أجد أحدا يهديني إلى الطريق آتكم بنار توقدون بها .