Tafsir

The Children of Israel worshipped the Calf

Allah then said, "Remember My favor on you when I forgave you for worshipping the calf." This happened after Musa went to the meeting place with his Lord at the end of that period which was forty days. These forty days were mentioned in Surat Al-A`raf, when Allah said, وَوَعَدْنَا مُوسَى ثَلَـثِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ(And We appointed for Musa thirty nights and added (to the period) ten (more)) (7:142). It was said that these days were during the month of Dhul-Qa`dah plus the first ten days in Dhul-Hijjah, after the Children of Israel were delivered from Fir`awn and they safely crossed the sea. Allah's statement, وَإِذْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ(And (remember) when We gave Musa the Scripture) means, the Tawrah, وَالْفُرْقَانِ(And the criterion) that is that which differentiates between truth and falsehood, guidance and deviation.

لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ(So that you may be guided aright), after escaping the sea, as another Ayah in Surat Al-A`raf clearly stated, وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَآئِرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَهُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ (And indeed We gave Musa ـ after We had destroyed the generations of old ـ the Scripture (the Tawrah) as an enlightenment for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, that they might remember (or receive admonition)) (28:43).

Torah is the book which was given to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام)In the language of the Holy Qur'an, al-Furgan الفرقان is a term signifying something which separates truth from falsehood or distinguishes the one from the other. In the present verse, it refers either to (a) the injunctions of the Shari` ah which are to be found in the Torah, for the Shari` ah resolves all the differences that may arise with regard to the doctrines or the practice of good deeds; or to (b) miracles which decide between a true or a false claim in a palpable manner; or even to (c) the Torah itself which has the twin qualities of being a Book of Allah and of being an instrument for separating truth from falsehood.

واذكروا نعمتنا عليكم حين أعطينا موسى الكتاب الفارق بين الحق والباطل -وهو التوراة-; لكي تهتدوا من الضلالة.

وقوله : ( وإذ آتينا موسى الكتاب ) يعني : التوراة ( والفرقان ) وهو ما يفرق بين الحق والباطل ، والهدى والضلال ( لعلكم تهتدون ) وكان ذلك - أيضا - بعد خروجهم من البحر ، كما دل عليه سياق الكلام في سورة الأعراف . ولقوله تعالى : ( ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى بصائر للناس وهدى ورحمة لعلهم يتذكرون ) [ القصص : 43 ] .وقيل : الواو زائدة ، والمعنى : ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب والفرقان وهذا غريب ، وقيل : عطف عليه وإن كان المعنى واحدا ، كما في قول الشاعر :وقدمت الأديم لراقشيه فألفى قولها كذبا وميناوقال الآخر :ألا حبذا هند وأرض بها هند وهند أتى من دونها النأي والبعدفالكذب هو المين ، والنأي : هو البعد . وقال عنترة :حييت من طلل تقادم عهده أقوى وأقفر بعد أم الهيثمفعطف الإقفار على الإقواء وهو هو .