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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Baqarah 2:28

Word by word

كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَٰتًا فَأَحْيَـٰكُمْ ۖ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ

How can you disbelieve in Allāh when you were lifeless and He brought you to life; then He will cause you to die, then He will bring you [back] to life, and then to Him you will be returned.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Allah testifies to the fact that He exists and that He is the Creator and the Sustainer Who has full authority over His servants, كَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ(How can you disbelieve in Allah) How can anyone deny Allah's existence or worship others with Him while; وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَتًا فَأَحْيَـكُمْ(You were dead and He gave you life) meaning, He brought them from the state of non-existence to life. Similarly, Allah said, أَمْ خُلِقُواْ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ الْخَـلِقُونَ - أَمْ خَلَقُواْ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضَ بَل لاَّ يُوقِنُونَ (Were they created by nothing Or were they themselves the creators Or did they create the heavens and the earth Nay, but they have no firm belief) (52:35-36) and, هَلْ أَتَى عَلَى الإِنسَـنِ حِينٌ مِّنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُن شَيْئاً مَّذْكُوراً (Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was not a thing worth mentioning) (76:1). There are many other Ayat on this subject.

Ibn Jarir reported from `Ata' that Ibn `Abbas said that, وَكُنتُمْ أَمْوَتًا فَأَحْيَـكُمْ(Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life) means, "You did not exist beforehand. You were nothing until Allah created you; He will bring death to you and then bring you back to life during Resurrection." Ibn `Abbas then said, "This is similar to Allah's statement; قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَمَتَّنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحْيَيْتَنَا اثْنَتَيْنِ(They will say: "Our Lord! You have made us to die twice and You have given us life twice.") (40:11)"

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

The earlier verses affirmed the existence and the Oneness of Allah, and prophethood, giving self-evident proofs and refuting the whimsical and false notions of the doubters and the disbelievers. These two verses speak of the blessings which Allah has showered on man, pointing out that all the same there are men who do not recognize the bounty of Allah and persist in their denial -- the suggestion being that if they do not want to take the trouble of considering the arguments which have been advanced by the Holy Qur'an in the earlier verses, they should, as every man with an undistorted nature must, at least be grateful to their benefactor, for even this would be a way of realizing why they should be obedient to Allah.

The first of these two verses refers to the blessings which are particular to the very being of man -- that is to say, he had no life before Allah gave him existence. The second verse refers to the general blessings which are common to man and other creatures -- firstly, the earth and all that it contains and on which man's life immediately depends, and secondly, the skies with which life on earth is directly related.

Verse 28 begins by expressing surprise at those who insist on being ungrateful to Allah and on denying Him. On the face of it, the disbelievers had never denied Allah but only the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، all the same, the Holy Qur'an equates such a denial with the denial of Allah Himself.

Then, the verse reminds man that once he was "dead" اموات (amwat), or that he had no life. He existed, if at all, in the shape of billions of lifeless particles aimlessly floating; Allah brought them together, made them into a man, and gave them life.

The verse proceeds to warn him that Allah will take away his life, and then give it back to him a second time. This second life refers to the Day of Judgment when Allah will collect the lifeless and scattered particles of each and every man again, and give-him a new life. Thus, the first 'death' or 'state of lifelessness' was at the beginning before man received life from Allah; the second death comes when a man completes the life-span allotted to him; and the second life will be given on the Day of Judgment.

The verse ends by telling man that he will ultimately go back to Allah. This, of course, refers to the Resurrection when all men will rise from their graves, will be assembled for giving an account of their deeds, and be finally punished or rewarded according to what they had been doing in the world.

According to this verse, the chief blessing of Allah for man is life, for without life he cannot profit from any other blessing. This is obvious enough. But the verse counts death too as a blessing. It is so, because physical death is the door to the perpetual life of the other world after which there is no death.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

كيف تنكرون -أيُّها المشركون- وحدانية الله تعالى، وتشركون به غيره في العبادة مع البرهان القاطع عليها في أنفسكم؟ فلقد كنتم أمواتًا فأوجدكم ونفخ فيكم الحياة، ثم يميتكم بعد انقضاء آجالكم التي حددها لكم، ثم يعيدكم أحياء يوم البعث، ثم إليه ترجعون للحساب والجزاء.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

يقول تعالى محتجا على وجوده وقدرته ، وأنه الخالق المتصرف في عباده : ( كيف تكفرون بالله ) أي : كيف تجحدون وجوده أو تعبدون معه غيره ! ( وكنتم أمواتا فأحياكم ) أي : قد كنتم عدما فأخرجكم إلى الوجود ، كما قال تعالى : ( أم خلقوا من غير شيء أم هم الخالقون أم خلقوا السماوات والأرض بل لا يوقنون ) [ الطور : 35 ، 36 ] ، وقال ( هل أتى على الإنسان حين من الدهر لم يكن شيئا مذكورا ) [ الإنسان : 1 ] والآيات في هذا كثيرة .وقال سفيان الثوري ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن أبي الأحوص ، عن عبد الله بن مسعود ، رضي الله عنه : ( قالوا ربنا أمتنا اثنتين وأحييتنا اثنتين ) [ غافر : 11 ] قال : هي التي في البقرة : ( وكنتم أمواتا فأحياكم ثم يميتكم ثم يحييكم )وقال ابن جريج ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس : ( كنتم أمواتا فأحياكم ) أمواتا في أصلاب آبائكم ، لم تكونوا شيئا حتى خلقكم ، ثم يميتكم موتة الحق ، ثم يحييكم حين يبعثكم . قال : وهي مثل قوله : ( [ ربنا ] أمتنا اثنتين وأحييتنا اثنتين ) .وقال الضحاك ، عن ابن عباس في قوله : ( ربنا أمتنا اثنتين وأحييتنا اثنتين ) قال : كنتم ترابا قبل أن يخلقكم ، فهذه ميتة ، ثم أحياكم فخلقكم فهذه حياة ، ثم يميتكم فترجعون إلى القبور فهذه ميتة أخرى ، ثم يبعثكم يوم القيامة فهذه حياة أخرى .

فهذه ميتتان وحياتان ، فهو كقوله : ( كيف تكفرون بالله وكنتم أمواتا فأحياكم ثم يميتكم ثم يحييكم )وهكذا روي عن السدي بسنده ، عن أبي مالك وعن أبي صالح ، عن ابن عباس - وعن مرة ، عن ابن مسعود وعن ناس من الصحابة - وعن أبي العالية والحسن البصري ومجاهد وقتادة وأبي صالح والضحاك وعطاء الخراساني نحو ذلك .وقال الثوري ، عن السدي عن أبي صالح : ( كيف تكفرون بالله وكنتم أمواتا فأحياكم ثم يميتكم ثم يحييكم ثم إليه ترجعون ) قال : يحييكم في القبر ، ثم يميتكم .وقال ابن جرير عن يونس ، عن ابن وهب ، عن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم ؛ خلقهم في ظهر آدم ثم أخذ عليهم الميثاق ، ثم أماتهم ثم خلقهم في الأرحام ، ثم أماتهم ، ثم أحياهم يوم القيامة . وذلك كقول الله تعالى : ( قالوا ربنا أمتنا اثنتين وأحييتنا اثنتين )وهذا غريب والذي قبله .

والصحيح ما تقدم عن ابن مسعود وابن عباس ، وأولئك الجماعة من التابعين ، وهو كقوله تعالى : ( قل الله يحييكم ثم يميتكم ثم يجمعكم إلى يوم القيامة لا ريب فيه ولكن أكثر الناس لا يعلمون ) [ الجاثية : 26 ] .[ وعبر عن الحال قبل الوجود بالموت بجامع ما يشتركان فيه من عدم الإحساس ، كما قال في الأصنام : ( أموات غير أحياء ) [ النحل : 21 ] ، وقال ( وآية لهم الأرض الميتة أحييناها وأخرجنا منها حبا فمنه يأكلون ) [ يس : 33 ] .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.