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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Baqarah 2:249

Word by word

فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِٱلْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّى وَمَن لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّىٓ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةًۢ بِيَدِهِۦ ۚ فَشَرِبُوا۟ مِنْهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِّنْهُمْ ۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُۥ هُوَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مَعَهُۥ قَالُوا۟ لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ٱلْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦ ۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَـٰقُوا۟ ٱللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةًۢ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

And when Saul went forth with the soldiers, he said, "Indeed, Allāh will be testing you with a river. So whoever drinks from it is not of me, and whoever does not taste it is indeed of me, excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand." But they drank from it, except a [very] few of them. Then when he had crossed it along with those who believed with him, they said, "There is no power for us today against Goliath and his soldiers." But those who were certain that they would meet Allāh said, "How many a small company has overcome a large company by permission of Allāh. And Allāh is with the patient."

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Allah states that Talut, the king of the Children of Israel, marched forth with his soldiers and the Israelites who obeyed him. His army was of eighty thousand then, according to As-Suddi, but Allah knows best. Talut said: إِنَّ اللَّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم(Verily, Allah will try you) meaning, He will test you with a river, which flowed between Jordan and Palestine, i.e. , the Shari`ah river, according to Ibn `Abbas and others. He continued, فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي(So whoever drinks thereof, he is not of me;) meaning, shall not accompany me today, لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّى إِلاَّ مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ(and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except him who takes (thereof) in the hollow of his hand.) meaning, there is no harm in this case.

Allah then said: فَشَرِبُواْ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِّنْهُمْ(Yet, they drank thereof, all, except a few of them.) Ibn Jurayj stated that Ibn `Abbas commented, "Whoever took some of it (the river's water) in the hollow of his hand, quenched his thirst; as for those who drank freely from it, their thirst was not quenched." Ibn Jarir reported that Al-Bara' bin `Azib said, "We used to say that the Companions of Muhammad who accompanied him on the battle of Badr were more than three hundred and ten, just as many as the soldiers who crossed the river with Talut. Only those who believed crossed the river with him." Al-Bukhari also reported this. This is why Allah said: فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُ قَالُواْ لاَ طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنودِهِ(So when he had crossed it (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said: "We have no power this day against Jalut (Goliath) and his hosts.") This Ayah indicates that the Israelites (who remained with Saul) thought that they were few in the face of their enemy who were many then.

So, their knowledgeable scholars strengthened their resolve by stating that Allah's promise is true and that triumph comes from Allah Alone, not from the large numbers or the adequacy of the supplies. They said to them: كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةٍ كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّـبِرِينَ("How often has a small group overcome a mighty host by Allah's leave" And Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient).)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Verse 249: قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ (He said: Allah is going to test you by ariver).

The wisdom behind this test, as perceived by this humble commentator, appears to be as follows. Not difficult to imagine is the excitement created on such occasions but there are not many who would stay firm in their hour of trial. And should such a time come, the weakness shown by such people becomes contagious making others panic as well. Allah Almighty willed that such people be pruned out. This purpose was accomplished by this test, which is very appropriate, because steadfastness is necessary in fighting. So, being patient, when water is made available without asking in a state of intense thirst, is a proof of steadfastness, and dashing for water is a proof of its absence. Later on comes the unusual: Those who drank too much water became mysteriously more incapacitated. This has appeared in Ruh al-Ma'ani on the authority of Ibn Abi Haim from Ibn ` Abbas ؓ .

Now the events and sayings mentioned in this story tell us that there were three kinds of people among them:(1) The weak in faith who failed to make the grade in their hour oftrial.(2) The perfect who fully succeeded in their trial but did feel concerned about how low they were in numbers.(3) The most perfect who did not bother even about that.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

فلما خرج طالوت بجنوده لقتال العمالقة قال لهم: إن الله ممتحنكم على الصبر بنهر أمامكم تعبرونه; ليتميَّز المؤمن من المنافق، فمن شرب منكم من ماء النهر فليس مني، ولا يصلح للجهاد معي، ومن لم يذق الماء فإنه مني; لأنه مطيع لأمري وصالح للجهاد، إلا مَن ترخَّص واغترف غُرْفة واحدة بيده فلا لوم عليه. فلما وصلوا إلى النهر انكبوا على الماء، وأفرطوا في الشرب منه، إلا عددًا قليلا منهم صبروا على العطش والحر، واكتفوا بغُرْفة اليد، وحينئذ تخلف العصاة. ولما عبر طالوت النهر هو والقلة المؤمنة معه -وهم ثلاثمائة وبضعة عشر رجلا- لملاقاة العدو، ورأوا كثرة عدوهم وعدَّتهم، قالوا: لا قدرة لنا اليوم بجالوت وجنوده الأشداء، فأجاب الذين يوقنون بلقاء الله، يُذَكِّرون إخوانهم بالله وقدرته قائلين: كم من جماعة قليلة مؤمنة صابرة، غلبت بإذن الله وأمره جماعة كثيرة كافرة باغية. والله مع الصابرين بتوفيقه ونصره، وحسن مثوبته.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن طالوت ملك بني إسرائيل حين خرج في جنوده ومن أطاعه من ملأ بني إسرائيل وكان جيشه يومئذ فيما ذكره السدي ثمانين ألفا فالله أعلم ، أنه قال : ( إن الله مبتليكم [ بنهر ] ) قال ابن عباس وغيره : وهو نهر بين الأردن وفلسطين يعني : نهر الشريعة المشهور ( فمن شرب منه فليس مني ) أي : فلا يصحبني اليوم في هذا الوجه ( ومن لم يطعمه فإنه مني إلا من اغترف غرفة بيده ) أي : فلا بأس عليه قال الله تعالى ( فشربوا منه إلا قليلا منهم ) قال ابن جريج : قال ابن عباس : من اغترف منه بيده روي ، ومن شرب منه لم يرو . وكذا رواه السدي عن أبي مالك ، عن ابن عباس . وكذا قال قتادة وابن شوذب .وقال السدي : كان الجيش ثمانين ألفا فشرب ستة وسبعون ألفا وتبقى معه أربعة آلاف كذا قال .وقد روى ابن جرير من طريق إسرائيل وسفيان الثوري ومسعر بن كدام عن أبي إسحاق السبيعي ، عن البراء بن عازب قال : كنا نتحدث أن أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم الذين كانوا يوم بدر ثلاثمائة وبضعة عشر على عدة أصحاب طالوت الذين جازوا معه النهر ، وما جازه معه إلا مؤمن .

ورواه البخاري عن عبد الله بن رجاء عن إسرائيل بن يونس عن أبي إسحاق عن البراء قال : " كنا أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم نتحدث أن عدة أصحاب بدر على عدة أصحاب طالوت ، الذين جازوا معه النهر ، ولم يجاوز معه إلا مؤمن بضعة عشر وثلاثمائة " .ثم رواه من حديث سفيان الثوري وزهير ، عن أبي إسحاق عن البراء بنحوه ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فلما جاوزه هو والذين آمنوا معه قالوا لا طاقة لنا اليوم بجالوت وجنوده ) أي : استقلوا أنفسهم عن لقاء عدوهم لكثرتهم فشجعهم علماؤهم [ وهم ] العالمون بأن وعد الله حق فإن النصر من عند الله ليس عن كثرة عدد ولا عدد . ولهذا قالوا : ( كم من فئة قليلة غلبت فئة كثيرة بإذن الله والله مع الصابرين )

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.