Tafsir

When the Israelites asked their Prophet to appoint a king over them, he appointed Talut (Saul), who was then a soldier. But, Talut was not a descendant of the house of kings among them, which was exclusively in the offspring of Yahudha (Judah). This is why they said: أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا(How can he be a king over us) meaning, how can he be the king for us, وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِّنَ الْمَالِ(when we are fitter than him for the kingdom, and he has not been given enough wealth) They said that Talut was also poor and did not have the wealth that justifies him being king. Some people stated that Talut used to bring water to the people, while others stated that his profession was dyeing skins. The Jews, thus, disputed with their Prophet while they were supposed to obey him and to say good words to him.

Their Prophet answered them: إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَـهُ عَلَيْكُمْ(Verily, Allah has chosen him above you) meaning, `Allah chose Talut from amongst you while having better knowledge about him.' Their Prophet stated, "I did not choose Talut to be your king on my own. Rather, Allah has commanded that upon your request." Further: وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ(...and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature.) meaning, `Talut is more knowledgeable and honorable than you, and stronger and more patient during combat, and has more knowledge of warfare. In short, he has more knowledge and is stronger than you are. The king should have sufficient knowledge, be fair looking and should have a strong soul and body.' He then said: وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِى مُلْكَهُ مَن يَشَآءُ(And Allah grants His kingdom to whom He wills.) meaning, Allah Alone is the Supreme Authority Who does what He wills and no one can ask Him about His actions, while they will be asked (about their actions by Him). This is because Allah has perfect knowledge, wisdom and kindness with His creation.

Allah said: وَاللَّهُ وَسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ(And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs, All-Knower.) meaning, His favor is encompassing and He grants His mercy to whom He wills. He also knows those who deserve to be kings and those who do not deserve it.

Commentary1. Verse 246: إِذْ قَالُوا لِنَبِيٍّ لَّهُمُ ابْعَثْ لَنَا مَلِكًا نُّقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّـهِ (When they said to a prophet of theirs: "Send us a king so that we may fight in the way of Allah)."These people from the Bani Isra'il had abandoned the injunctions given by Allah Almighty. When the infidel Amalekites were made to rule over them, they began thinking about correcting the situation. The name of the prophet mentioned here is Samuel (Arabic: Hebrew: Shemuel).

Verse 248: The story of Talut and Jalut

The Bani Isra'il used to have the legacy of a wooden chest (also identified as the Ark of the Covenant). Moses and other prophets of Bani Isra'il would keep this chest in the frontline of the battlefield. Its barakah بَرَکَہ (blessing, benediction) used to give them victory. When )Jalut: Goliath) overcame Bani Isra'il, he took this chest away with him. When Allah Almighty willed the return of the chest, it so happened that the infidels were struck by some epidemic or calamity at places where they carried this chest. Five cities were turned desolate. Nonplussed, they loaded it on two bullocks and drove them off. Then, the angels took control of the bullocks and made it reach Talut's doorsteps. (Talut is the Qur'anic name of the king known in the Bible as Saul) When the Bani Isra'il saw this sign, they believed in the kingdom of Talut, who then mounted an attack on Jalut while the weather was very hot.

وقال لهم نبيهم: إن الله قد أرسل إليكم طالوت مَلِكًا إجابة لطلبكم، يقودكم لقتال عدوكم كما طلبتم. قال كبراء بني إسرائيل: كيف يكون طالوت مَلِكًا علينا، وهو لا يستحق ذلك؟ لأنه ليس من سبط الملوك، ولا من بيت النبوة، ولم يُعْط كثرة في الأموال يستعين بها في ملكه، فنحن أحق بالملك منه; لأننا من سبط الملوك ومن بيت النبوة. قال لهم نبيهم: إن الله اختاره عليكم وهو سبحانه أعلم بأمور عباده، وزاده سَعَة في العلم وقوة في الجسم ليجاهد العدو. والله مالك الملك يعطي ملكه مَن يشاء من عباده، والله واسع الفضل والعطاء، عليم بحقائق الأمور، لا يخفى عليه شيء.

ي : لما طلبوا من نبيهم أن يعين لهم ملكا منهم فعين لهم طالوت وكان رجلا من أجنادهم ولم يكن من بيت الملك فيهم ; لأن الملك فيهم كان في سبط يهوذا ، ولم يكن هذا من ذلك السبط فلهذا قالوا : ( أنى يكون له الملك علينا ) أي : كيف يكون ملكا علينا ( ونحن أحق بالملك منه ولم يؤت سعة من المال ) أي : ثم هو مع هذا فقير لا مال له يقوم بالملك ، وقد ذكر بعضهم أنه كان سقاء وقيل : دباغا . وهذا اعتراض منهم على نبيهم وتعنت وكان الأولى بهم طاعة وقول معروف ثم قد أجابهم النبي قائلا ( إن الله اصطفاه عليكم ) أي : اختاره لكم من بينكم والله أعلم به منكم . يقول : لست أنا الذي عينته من تلقاء نفسي بل الله أمرني به لما طلبتم مني ذلك ( وزاده بسطة في العلم والجسم ) أي : وهو مع هذا أعلم منكم ، وأنبل وأشكل منكم وأشد قوة وصبرا في الحرب ومعرفة بها أي : أتم علما وقامة منكم . ومن هاهنا ينبغي أن يكون الملك ذا علم وشكل حسن وقوة شديدة في بدنه ونفسه ثم قال : ( والله يؤتي ملكه من يشاء ) أي : هو الحاكم الذي ما شاء فعل ولا يسأل عما يفعل وهم يسألون لعلمه [ وحكمته ] ورأفته بخلقه ; ولهذا قال : ( والله واسع عليم ) أي : هو واسع الفضل يختص برحمته من يشاء عليم بمن يستحق الملك ممن لا يستحقه .