Skip to main content
13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
Easy Da'wah Platform

Read

Listen

Personal Quran

ٱقْرَأْ

Continue your Quran journey

Read, listen and reflect on the Book of Allah with translations and renowned reciters.

Open Quran

Browse Collections

Discover

Hadith of the Day

Authentic narrations, clearly referenced

Every hadith shows its collection, book, chapter and reference so you can verify the source.

Explore Hadith

Explore

Tools

Media

Explore Islam through knowledge, reflection and authentic sources

Browse articles, tools and media gathered in one calm, ad-free place.

Start exploring

Start Learning

For Visitors

For Teachers

Personalised

Learn Quran with a qualified teacher

Choose an approved Quran teacher and learn at your own pace. Everything else on the platform stays free.

Find a Teacher

Categories

Featured Stories

A guide to Islam

A collection of essential duas

Hajj, step by step

Islamic news & updates

Community announcements, educational updates and reminders, published and verified by our team.

View all news
Study the Quran

Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Baqarah 2:239

Word by word

فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا ۖ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمْ فَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُوا۟ تَعْلَمُونَ

And if you fear [an enemy, then pray] on foot or riding. But when you are secure, then remember Allāh [in prayer], as He has taught you that which you did not [previously] know.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Allah commands that the prayer should be performed properly and on time. It is reported in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Mas`ud said, "I asked the Prophet , `Which deed is the dearest (to Allah)' He replied:«الصَّلَاةُ عَلى وَقْتِها»(To offer the prayers at their fixed times.) I asked, `What is the next (in goodness)' He replied:«الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ الله»(To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's cause.)" I again asked, `What is the next (in goodness)' He replied:«بِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْن»(To be good and dutiful to your parents.) `Abdullah then added, "The Prophet told me these words, and had I asked more, the Prophet would have told me more."The Middle Prayer

Furthermore, Allah has specifically mentioned the Middle prayer, which is the `Asr prayer according to the majority of the scholars among the Companions, as At-Tirmidhi and Al-Baghawi have stated. Al-Qadi Al-Mawardi added that the majority of the scholars of the Tabi`in also held this view. Al-Hafiz Abu `Umar bin `Abdul-Barr said that this is also the opinion of the majority of the scholars of the Athar (i.e., the Hadith and the statements of the Salaf). In addition, Abu Muhammad bin `Atiyah said that this is the Tafsir (of the Middle prayer) of the majority of scholars. Al-Hafiz Abu Muhammad `Abdul-Mu'min bin Khalaf Ad-Dumyati stated in his book on the Middle prayer that it is the `Asr prayer and mentioned that this is the Tafsir of `Umar, `Ali, Ibn Mas`ud, Abu Ayyub, `Abdullah bin `Amr, Samurah bin Jundub, Abu Hurayrah, Abu Sa`id, Hafsah, Umm Habibah, Umm Salamah, Ibn `Abbas and `A'ishah. This is also the Tafsir of `Ubaydah, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Razin, Zirr bin Hubaysh, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ibn Sirin, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Kalbi, Muqatil, `Ubayd bin Abu Maryam, and others.

The Proof that the `Asr Prayer is the Middle Prayer

Imam Ahmad reported that `Ali narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said during the battle of Al-Ahzab (the Confederates):«شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ اللهُ قُلُوبَهُم وَبُيُوتَهم نَارًا»(They (the disbelievers) busied us from performing the Middle prayer, the `Ar prayer, may Allah fill their hearts and houses with fire.)He performed the `Asr prayer between Maghrib and `Isha'. Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded this Hadith. In addition, the Two Shaykhs, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi An-Nasa'i and several other collectors of the Sunan recorded this Hadith using different chains of narrators to `Ali. The Hadith about the battle of Al-Ahzab, when the Mushriks prevented Allah's Messenger ﷺ and his Companions from performing the `Asr prayer, has been narrated by several other Companions. We only mentioned the narrations that stated that the Middle prayer is the `Asr prayer. Furthermore, Muslim reported similar wordings for this Hadith from Ibn Mas`ud and Al-Bara' bin `Azib.

In addition, Imam Ahmad reported that Samurah bin Jundub said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«صَلَاةُ الْوسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْر»(The Middle prayer is the `Asr prayer.)In another narration, Allah's Messenger ﷺ mentioned:حَـفِظُواْ عَلَى الصَّلَوَتِ والصَّلَوةِ الْوُسْطَى(Guard strictly (five obligatory) As-Salawat (the prayers) especially the Middle Salah) and stated that it is the `Asr prayer. In another narration, Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«هِيَ الْعَصْر»(It is the `Asr prayer.) and Ibn Ja`far mentioned that the Prophet was then being asked about the Middle prayer. At-Tirmidhi reported this Hadith and said, "Hasan, Sahih." In addition, Abu Hatim bin Hibban reported in his Sahih that `Abdullah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«صَلَاةُ الْوسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْر»(The Middle prayer is the `Asr prayer.)At-Tirmidhi reported that Ibn Mas`ud narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«صَلَاةُ الْوسْطَى صَلَاةُ الْعَصْر»(The `Asr prayer is the Middle prayer.)At-Tirmidhi then stated that this Hadith is of a Hasan, Sahih type.

Muslim reported the Hadith in his Sahih and his wordings are:«شَغَلُونَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ الْوسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْر»(They (disbelievers) busied us from performing the Middle prayer, the `Asr prayer.)These texts emphasize the fact (that the `Asr prayer is the Middle prayer). What further proves this fact is that, in an authentic Hadith, Allah's Messenger ﷺ emphasized the necessity of preserving the `Asr prayer, when he said, as Ibn `Umar narrated:«مَنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَكَأَنَّمَا وُتِرَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَه»(Whoever misses the `Asr prayer will be like who has lost his family and money.)It is reported in the Sahih that Buraydah bin Al-Husayb said that the Prophet said:«بَكِّرُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ فِي يَوْمِ الْغَيْمِ، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ، فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُه»(On a cloudy day, perform the (`Asr) prayer early, for whoever misses the `Asr prayer, will have his (good) deeds annulled.)The Prohibition of speaking during the Prayer

Allah said:وَقُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَـنِتِينَ(And stand before Allah with obedience.) meaning, with humbleness and humility before Him (i.e., during the prayer). This command indicates that it is not allowed to speak during the prayer, as speaking contradicts the nature of the prayer. This is why the Prophet refused to answer Ibn Mas`ud when he greeted him while he was praying and said afterwards:«إِنَّ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَشُغْلًا»(The prayer makes one sufficiently busy.) (i.e., by the various actions of the body, tongue and heart involved during the prayer.)Muslim reported that the Prophet said to Mu`awiyah bin Hakam As-Sulami when he spoke during the prayer:«إِنَّ هذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِ النَّاسِ، إنَّمَا هِي التَّسْبِيحُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ وَذِكْرُ الله»(The ordinary speech people indulge in is not appropriate during the prayer.

The prayer involves only Tasbih (praising Allah), Takbir (saying Allahu Akbar, i.e., Allah is the Most Great) and remembering Allah.)Imam Ahmad reported that Zayd bin Arqam said, "One used to address his friend about various affairs during the prayer. Then when this Ayah was revealed:وَقُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَـنِتِينَ(And stand before Allah with obedience.) we were ordered to refrain from speaking." The Group (i. e., the Hadith collections), except Ibn Majah, reported this Hadith.

The Fear Prayer

Allah said:فَإنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالاً أَوْ رُكْبَانًا فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمْ فَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُواْ تَعْلَمُونَ(And if you fear (an enemy), (perform Salah) on foot or riding. And when you are in safety, then remember Allah (pray) in the manner He has taught you, which you knew not (before).)After Allah commanded His servants to perform the prayer perfectly and emphasized this commandment, He mentioned the situation where the person might not be able to perform the prayer perfectly, during battle and combat. Allah said:فَإنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجَالاً أَوْ رُكْبَانًا(And if you fear (an enemy), perform Salah on foot or riding.) meaning, pray in the appropriate manner under these circumstances, whether on foot or riding and whether facing the Qiblah or otherwise.

Imam Malik reported that Nafi` related that Ibn `Umar used to describe the Fear prayer when he was asked about it and would then add, "If there is intense fear, pray on foot, riding, facing the Qiblah and otherwise." Nafi` commented, "I think that he related that to the Prophet ." Al-Bukhari and Muslim reported the Hadith.

Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah and Ibn Jarir reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah has ordained the prayer by the words of your Prophet : four (Rak`ah) while residing, two Rak`ah while traveling and one Rak`ah during times of fear." This is also the view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, and others.

In addition, Al-Bukhari has entitled a Chapter: `Prayer while confronting the Forts and facing the Enemy'. Al-Awza`i said, "If the victory seems near and the Muslims are unable to perform the prayer (in the normal manner), they should pray by nodding each by himself. If they are unable to nod, they should delay the prayer until fighting is finished. When they feel safe, they should pray two Rak`ah. If they are unable, they should then pray one Rak`ah that includes two prostrations. If they are unable, then Takbir alone does not suffice, so they should delay the prayer until they are safe." This is the same view that Makhul held. Anas bin Malik said, "I participated in the attack on the fort of Tastar, when the light of dawn started to become clear. Suddenly, the fighting raged and the Muslims were unable to pray until the light of day spread. We then prayed (the Dawn prayer) with Abu Musa and we became victorious. I would not have been pleased if I were to gain in the life of this world and whatever is in it instead of that prayer." This is the wording of Al-Bukhari.

Prayer during the Times of Peace is performed normally

Allah said:فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمْ فَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ(And when you are in safety, then remember Allah (pray)) meaning, `Perform the prayer as I have commanded you by completing its bowing, prostration, standing, sitting, and with the required attention (in the heart) and supplication.' Allah said:كَمَا عَلَّمَكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُواْ تَعْلَمُونَ(in the manner He has taught you, which you knew not (before).) meaning, just as He has endowed you, guided you and taught you about what benefits you in this life and the Hereafter, so thank and remember Him. Similarly, Allah said after He mentioned the prayer of Fear,فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلَوةَ إِنَّ الصَّلَوةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَـباً مَّوْقُوتاً(...but when you are free from danger, perform As-Salah.

Verily, As-Salah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.) (4:103)We will mention the Hadiths about the prayer of Fear and its description in Surat An-Nisa' while mentioning Allah's statement:وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَوةَ(When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among them, and lead them in As-Salah (the prayer).) (4:102)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

Based on the authority of some ahadith, a very large number of ` ulama', have said that al-salat al-wusta َالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَىٰ or the middle salah is the salah of ` Asr because there are before it, two Salahs during the day, that of Fajr and Zuhr; and after these come two evening Salahs, that of Maghrib and ` Isha'. Special emphasis has been placed on it because this is a time in which most of the people are busy in their professional work.

Incidentally, the Qur'anic word, Qanitin قَانِتِينَ meaning obedient or submitting, rendered here as 'stand before Allah in total devotion', has been explained in Hadith as denoting sukut سکوت or motion-less silence.

It was through this very verse that talking in salah was forbidden. Earlier, talking was permissible. The verse 239 has allowed a special way of offering prayers in the state of 'fear' i.e. the state of war. In such a state, one can offer salah نماز (prayer) while standing, with a condition that he can stand in one place without moving, and can make the gesture of sajdah سجدہ in a lower position than he makes in ruku' رکوع . However, salah cannot be performed while walking. If it is not possible to perform the prayer in the said manner, such as at the time of actual fighting, then, it is permissible to delay the prayer and to offer it later as qada' قضاء .

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

فإن خفتم من عدو لكم فصلوا صلاة الخوف ماشين، أو راكبين، على أي هيئة تستطيعونها ولو بالإيماء، أو إلى غير جهة القبلة، فإذا زال خوفكم فصلُّوا صلاة الأمن، واذكروا الله فيها، ولا تنقصوها عن هيئتها الأصلية، واشكروا له على ما علَّمكم من أمور العبادات والأحكام ما لم تكونوا على علم به.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وقوله : ( فإن خفتم فرجالا أو ركبانا فإذا أمنتم فاذكروا الله كما علمكم ما لم تكونوا تعلمون ) لما أمر تعالى عباده بالمحافظة على الصلوات ، والقيام بحدودها ، وشدد الأمر بتأكيدها ذكر الحال التي يشتغل الشخص فيها عن أدائها على الوجه الأكمل ، وهي حال القتال والتحام الحرب فقال : ( فإن خفتم فرجالا أو ركبانا ) أي : فصلوا على أي حال كان ، رجالا أو ركبانا : يعني : مستقبلي القبلة وغير مستقبليها كما قال مالك ، عن نافع : أن ابن عمر كان إذا سئل عن صلاة الخوف وصفها . ثم قال : فإن كان خوف أشد من ذلك صلوا رجالا على أقدامهم ، أو ركبانا مستقبلي القبلة أو غير مستقبليها . قال نافع : لا أرى ابن عمر ذكر ذلك إلا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم . ورواه البخاري وهذا لفظه ومسلم ورواه البخاري أيضا من وجه آخر عن ابن جريج عن موسى بن عقبة عن نافع عن ابن عمر عن النبي ، صلى الله عليه وسلم : نحوه أو قريبا منه ولمسلم أيضا عن ابن عمر قال : فإن كان خوف أشد من ذلك فصل راكبا أو قائما تومئ إيماء .وفي حديث عبد الله بن أنيس الجهني لما بعثه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، إلى خالد بن سفيان الهذلي ليقتله وكان نحو عرفة أو عرفات فلما واجهه حانت صلاة العصر قال : فخشيت أن تفوتني فجعلت أصلي وأنا أومئ إيماء .

الحديث بطوله رواه أحمد وأبو داود بإسناد جيد وهذا من رخص الله التي رخص لعباده ووضعه الآصار والأغلال عنهم .وقد روى ابن أبي حاتم من طريق شبيب بن بشر عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال في هذه الآية : يصلي الراكب على دابته والراجل على رجليه . قال : وروي عن الحسن ومجاهد ومكحول والسدي والحكم ومالك والأوزاعي والثوري والحسن بن صالح نحو ذلك وزادوا : يومئ برأسه أينما توجه .ثم قال : حدثنا أبي ، حدثنا أبو غسان حدثنا داود يعني ابن علية عن مطرف عن عطية عن جابر بن عبد الله قال : إذا كانت المسايفة فليومئ برأسه [ إيماء ] حيث كان وجهه فذلك قوله : ( فرجالا أو ركبانا )وروي عن الحسن ومجاهد وسعيد بن جبير وعطاء وعطية والحكم وحماد وقتادة نحو ذلك .

وقد ذهب الإمام أحمد فيما نص عليه ، إلى أن صلاة الخوف تفعل في بعض الأحيان ركعة واحدة إذا تلاحم الجيشان ، وعلى ذلك ينزل الحديث الذي رواه مسلم وأبو داود والنسائي وابن ماجه وابن جرير من حديث أبي عوانة الوضاح بن عبد الله اليشكري زاد مسلم والنسائي : وأيوب بن عائذ كلاهما عن بكير بن الأخنس الكوفي ، عن مجاهد عن ابن عباس قال : فرض الله الصلاة على لسان نبيكم صلى الله عليه وسلم في الحضر أربعا ، وفي السفر ركعتين وفي الخوف ركعة وبه قال الحسن البصري وقتادة والضحاك وغيرهم .وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا ابن بشار حدثنا ابن مهدي عن شعبة قال : سألت الحكم وحمادا وقتادة عن صلاة المسايفة ، فقالوا : ركعة . وهكذا روى الثوري عنهم سواء .وقال ابن جرير أيضا : حدثني سعيد بن عمرو السكوني حدثنا بقية بن الوليد حدثنا المسعودي حدثنا يزيد الفقير عن جابر بن عبد الله قال : صلاة الخوف . ركعة واختار هذا القول ابن جرير .وقال البخاري : " باب الصلاة عند مناهضة الحصون ولقاء العدو " وقال الأوزاعي : إن كان تهيأ الفتح ، ولم يقدروا على الصلاة صلوا إيماء كل امرئ لنفسه فإن لم يقدروا على الإيماء أخروا الصلاة حتى ينكشف القتال أو يأمنوا فيصلوا ركعتين ، فإن لم يقدروا صلوا ركعة وسجدتين فإن لم يقدروا لا يجزئهم التكبير ويؤخرونها حتى يأمنوا .

وبه قال مكحول وقال أنس بن مالك : حضرت مناهضة حصن تستر عند إضاءة الفجر ، واشتد اشتعال القتال فلم يقدروا على الصلاة فلم نصل إلا بعد ارتفاع النهار فصليناها ونحن مع أبي موسى ففتح لنا . قال أنس : وما يسرني بتلك الصلاة الدنيا وما فيها .هذا لفظ البخاري ثم استشهد على ذلك بحديث تأخيره ، عليه السلام ، صلاة العصر يوم الخندق بعذر المحاربة إلى غيبوبة الشمس وبقوله عليه السلام ، بعد ذلك لأصحابه لما جهزهم إلى بني قريظة : " لا يصلين أحد منكم العصر إلا في بني قريظة " ، فمنهم من أدركته الصلاة في الطريق فصلوا وقالوا : لم يرد منا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، إلا تعجيل السير ومنهم من أدركته فلم يصل إلى أن غربت الشمس في بني قريظة فلم يعنف واحدا من الفريقين . وهذا يدل على اختيار البخاري لهذا القول ، والجمهور على خلافه ويعولون على أن صلاة الخوف على الصفة التي ورد بها القرآن في سورة النساء ووردت بها الأحاديث لم تكن مشروعة في غزوة الخندق ، وإنما شرعت بعد ذلك .

وقد جاء مصرحا بهذا في حديث أبي سعيد وغيره وأما مكحول والأوزاعي والبخاري فيجيبون بأن مشروعية صلاة الخوف بعد ذلك لا تنافي جواز ذلك ; لأن هذا حال نادر خاص فيجوز فيه مثل ما قلنا بدليل صنيع الصحابة زمن عمر في فتح تستر وقد اشتهر ولم ينكر ، والله أعلم .وقوله : ( فإذا أمنتم فاذكروا الله ) أي : أقيموا صلاتكم كما أمرتم فأتموا ركوعها وسجودها وقيامها وقعودها وخشوعها وهجودها ( كما علمكم ما لم تكونوا تعلمون ) أي : مثل ما أنعم عليكم وهداكم للإيمان وعلمكم ما ينفعكم في الدنيا والآخرة ، فقابلوه بالشكر والذكر ، كقوله بعد ذكر صلاة الخوف : ( فإذا اطمأننتم فأقيموا الصلاة إن الصلاة كانت على المؤمنين كتابا موقوتا ) [ النساء : 103 ] وستأتي الأحاديث الواردة في صلاة الخوف وصفاتها في سورة النساء عند قوله تعالى : ( وإذا كنت فيهم فأقمت لهم الصلاة ) الآية [ النساء : 102 ] .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.