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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Baqarah 2:222

Word by word

وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَٱعْتَزِلُوا۟ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فِى ٱلْمَحِيضِ ۖ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ ۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلتَّوَّٰبِينَ وَيُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ

And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is harm, so keep away from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allāh has ordained for you. Indeed, Allāh loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves."

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

Sexual Intercourse with Menstruating Women is prohibited

Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said that the Jews used to avoid their menstruating women, they would not eat, or even mingle with them in the house. The Companions of the Prophet asked about this matter and Allah revealed:وَيَسْـَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُواْ النِّسَآءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلاَ تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ(They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: "That is an Adha, therefore, keep away from women during menses and go not in unto them till they are purified.)Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«اصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا النِّكَاح»(`Do everything you wish, except having sexual intercourse.)When the Jews were told about the Prophet's statement, they said, "What is the matter with this man He would not hear of any of our practices, but would defy it." Then, Usayd bin Hudayr and `Abbad bin Bishr came and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! The Jews said this and that, should we have sex with our women (meaning, during the menstruation period)" The face of Allah's Messenger ﷺ changed color, until the Companions thought that he was angry with them. They left.

Soon after, some milk was brought to Allah's Messenger ﷺ as a gift, and he sent some of it for them to drink. They knew then that Allah's Messenger ﷺ was not angry with them. Muslim also reported this Hadith. Allah said:فَاعْتَزِلُواْ النِّسَآءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ(. ..therefore, keep away from women during menses.) meaning, avoid the sexual organ. The Prophet said:«اصْنَعُوا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا النِّكَاح»(Do anything you wish except having sexual intercourse.)This is why most of the scholars said that it is allowed to fondle the wife, except for having sexual intercourse (when she is having her menses). Abu Dawud reported that `Ikrimah related to one of the Prophet's wives that she said that whenever the Prophet wanted to fondle (one of his wives) during her menses, he would cover her sexual organ with something.

Abu Ja`far bin Jarir related that Masruq went to `A'ishah and greeted her, and `A'ishah greeted him in return. Masruq said, "I wish to ask you about a matter, but I am shy." She replied, "I am your mother and you are my son." He said, "What can the man enjoy of his wife when she is having her menses" She said, "Everything except her sexual organ." This is also the opinion of Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and `Ikrimah.

One is allowed to sleep next to his wife and to eat with her (when she is having her menses). `A'ishah said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ used to ask me to wash his hair while I was having the menses. He would lay on my lap and read the Qur'an while I was having the period." It is also reported in the Sahih that `A'ishah said, "While having the menses, I used to eat from a piece of meat and give it to the Prophet who would eat from the same place I ate from. I used to have sips of a drink and would then give the cup to the Prophet who would place his mouth where I placed my mouth."It is also reported in the Two Sahihs that Maymunah bint Al-Harith Al-Hilaliyah said, "Whenever the Prophet wanted to fondle any of his wives during the periods (menses), he used to ask her to wear an Izar (a sheet covering the lower-half of the body)." These are the wordings collected by Al-Bukhari. Similar was reported from `A'ishah.

In addition, Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah reported that `Abdullah bin Sa`d Al-Ansari asked Allah's Messenger ﷺ , "What am I allowed of my wife while she is having her menses" He said, "What is above the Izar (a sheet covering the lower-half of the body)." Hence, Allah's statement: hوَلاَ تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ(...and go not in unto them till they are purified.) explains His statement:فَاعْتَزِلُواْ النِّسَآءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ(...therefore, keep away from women during menses.)Allah prohibited having sexual intercourse with the wife during menstruation, indicating that sexual intercourse is allowed otherwise.

Allah's statement:فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ(And when they have purified themselves, then go in unto them as Allah has ordained for you.) indicates that men should have sexual intercourse with their wives after they take a bath. The scholars agree that the woman is obliged to take a bath, or to perform Tayammum with sand, if she is unable to use water, before she is allowed to have sexual intercourse with her husband, after the monthly period ends. Ibn `Abbas said:حَتَّى يَطْهُرْنَ"(till they are purified) means from blood, and,فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ(And when they have purified themselves) means with water." This is also the Tafsir of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Al-Layth bin Sa`d and others.

Anal Sex is prohibited

Allah said:مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ(...as Allah has ordained for you.) this refers to Al-Farj (the vagina), as Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and other scholars have stated. Therefore, anal sex is prohibited, as we will further emphasize afterwards, Allah willing. Abu Razin, `Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak and others said that:فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ(...then go in unto them as Allah has ordained for you.) means when they are pure, and not during the menses. Allah said afterwards:إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَبِينَ(Truly, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance) from the sin even if it was repeated,وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ(and loves those who purify themselves.) meaning, those who purify themselves from the impurity and the filth that include having sexual intercourse with the wife during the menses and anal sex.

The Reason behind revealing Allah's Statement: "Your Wives are a Tilth for You.

Allah said:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you,)Ibn `Abbas commented, "Meaning the place of pregnancy." Allah then said:فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(...so go to your tilth, when or how you will,) meaning, wherever you wish from the front or from behind, as long as sex takes place in one valve (the female sexual organ), as the authentic Hadiths have indicated.

For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Al-Munkadir said that he heard Jabir say that the Jews used to claim that if one has sex with his wife from behind (in the vagina) the offspring would become cross-eyed. Then, this Ayah was revealed:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth, when or how you will,)Muslim and Abu Dawud also reported this Hadith.

Ibn Abu Hatim said that Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir narrated that Jabir bin `Abdullah told him that the Jews claimed to the Muslims that if one has sex with their wife from behind (in the vagina) their offspring will become cross-eyed. Allah revealed afterwards:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth, when or how you will,)Ibn Jurayj (one of the reporters of the Hadith) said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«مُقْبِلَةً ومُدْبِرَةً إِذَا كَان ذلِكَ فِي الْفَرْج»(From the front or from behind, as long as that occurs in the Farj (vagina).)Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "The Ayah,نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you) was revealed about some people from the Ansar who came to the Prophet and asked him (about having sex with the wife from behind).

He said to them:«ائْتِهَا عَلى كُلِّ حَالٍ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْفَرْج»(Have sex with her as you like as long as that occurs in the vagina.)Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Sabit said: I went to Hafsah bint `Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakr and said, "I wish to ask you about something, but I am shy." She said, "Do not be shy, O my nephew." He said, "About having sex from behind with women." She said, "Umm Salamah told me that the Ansar used to refrain from having sex from behind (in the vagina). The Jews claimed that those who have sex with their women from behind would have offspring with crossed-eyes. When the Muhajirun came to Al-Madinah, they married Ansar women and had sex with them from behind. One of these women would not obey her husband and said, `You will not do that until I go to Allah's Messenger ﷺ (and ask him about this matter). ' She went to Umm Salamah and told her the story. Umm Salamah said, `Wait until Allah's Messenger ﷺ comes.' When Allah's Messenger ﷺ came, the Ansari woman was shy to ask him about this matter, so she left.

Umm Salamah told Allah's Messenger ﷺ the story and he said:«ادْعِي الْأَنْصَارِيَّـة»(Summon the Ansari woman.)"She was summoned and he recited this Ayah to her:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth, when or how you will.) He added:«صِمَامًا وَاحِدًا»(Only in one valve (the vagina).)"This Hadith was also collected by At-Tirmidhi who said, "Hasan."An-Nasa'i reported that Ka`b bin `Alqamah said that Abu An-Nadr said that he asked Nafi`, "The people are repeating the statement that you relate from Ibn `Umar that he allowed sex with women in their rear (anus)." He said, "They have said a lie about me. But let me tell you what really happened. Ibn `Umar was once reciting the Qur'an while I was with him and he reached the Ayah:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth, when or how you will,) He then said, `O Nafi`!

Do you know the story behind this Ayah' I said, `No.' He said, `We, the people of Quraysh, used to have sexual intercourse with our wives from the back (in the vagina). When we migrated to Al-Madinah and married some Ansari women, we wanted to do the same with them. They disliked it and made a big issue out of it. The Ansari women had followed the practice of the Jews who have sex with their women while they lay on their sides. Then, Allah revealed:نِسَآؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُواْ حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّى شِئْتُمْ(Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth, when or how you will,)"This has an authentic chain of narrators.

Imam Ahmad reported that Khuzaymah bin Thabit Al-Khatami narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«لَا يَسْتَحْيِي اللهُ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ثَلَاثًا لَا تَأْتُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي أَعْجَازِهِن»(Allah does not shy from the truth - he said it thrice-, do not have anal sex with women.)This Hadith was collected by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.

Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i reported that Ibn `Abbas narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«لَا يَنْظُرُ اللهُ إِلى رَجُلٍ أَتَى رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً فِي الدُّبُر»(Allah does not look at a man who had anal sex with another man or a woman.)At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib." This is also the narration that Ibn Hibban collected in his Sahih, while Ibn Hazm stated that this is an authentic Hadith.

In addition, Imam Ahmad reported that `Ali bin Talaq said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ forbade anal sex with women, for Allah does not shy away from truth." Abu `Isa At-Tirmidhi also reported this Hadith and said, "Hasan".

Abu Muhammad `Abdullah bin `Abdur-Rahman Darimi reported in his Musnad that Sa`id bin Yasar Abu Hubab said: I said to Ibn `Umar, "What do you say about having sex with women in the rear" He said, "What does it mean" I said, "Anal sex." He said, "Does a Muslim do that" This Hadith has an authentic chain of narrators and is an explicit rejection of anal sex from Ibn `Umar.

Abu Bakr bin Ziyad Naysaburi reported that Isma`il bin Ruh said that he asked Malik bin Anas, "What do you say about having sex with women in the anus" He said, "You are not an Arab Does sex occur but in the place of pregnancy Do it only in the Farj (vagina)." I said, "O Abu `Abdullah! They say that you allow that practice." He said, "They utter a lie about me, they lie about me." This is Malik's firm stance on this subject. It is also the view of Sa`id bin Musayyib, Abu Salamah, `Ikrimah, Tawus, `Ata , Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, Mujahid bin Jabr, Al-Hasan and other scholars of the Salaf (the Companions and the following two generations after them). They all, along with the majority of the scholars, harshly rebuked the practice of anal sex and many of them called this practice a Kufr.

Allah said:وَقَدِّمُواْ لاًّنفُسِكُمْ(. ..and send for your own selves beforehand.) meaning, by performing the acts of worship while refraining from whatever Allah has prohibited for you. This is why Allah said afterwards:وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّكُم مُّلَـقُوهُ(And fear Allah, and know that you are to meet Him (in the Hereafter),)meaning, He will hold you accountable for all of your deeds,وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ(...and give good tidings to the believers (O Muhammad ).) meaning, those who obey what Allah has commanded and refrain from what He has prohibited.

Ibn Jarir reported that `Ata' said, or related it to Ibn `Abbas,وَقَدِّمُواْ لاًّنفُسِكُمْ(...and send for your own selves beforehand.) means, mention Allah's Name, by saying, `Bismillah', before having sexual intercourse." Al-Bukhari also reported that Ibn `Abbas narrated that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said:«لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنَا، فَإنَّهُ إِنْ يُقَدَّرْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ فِي ذلِكَ، لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَبَدًا»(If anyone of you on having sexual relations with his wife said: `In the Name of Allah. O Allah! Protect us from Satan and also protect what you bestow upon us (i.e., the coming offspring) from Satan,' and if it is destined that they should have a child then, Satan will never be able to harm him.)

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

No sexual intercourse during menstruation

The basic purpose of these verses is to declare the prohibition of having sexual intercourse with a woman in a state of menstruation. If someone committed sexual intercourse in such a state either unknowingly or carelessly, he has to make Taubah (repentance). In this context it has been said in the verse 222 that "Allah loves those who are most repenting."The verse 223 points out to the lawful ways of having sexual intercourse with one's woman. The permission of such intercourse has been subjected to two conditions. Firstly, it should take place at a time when the woman is pure from her menstruation. Secondly, carnal intercourse is not allowed at all. This verse begins with a comprehensive remark: "Your women are for you a soil to cultivate." Here the woman has been compared with a soil, while the husband has been compared with a cultivator. This is to indicate that the sexual intercourse has not been allowed for satisfying the sexual lust only, but also to make it a valid source for having children.

By using this expression the Holy Qur'an has given a subtle indication to the prohibition of carnal intercourse, even with one's wife, because it can never be a productive act, and there is no question of 'cultivation' therein.

Subject to these two conditions (namely, the purity of the woman from her menses, and avoiding the carnal intercourse) one can enjoy whatever way he wishes to have sexual intimacy with his wife. In this context, it has been said, "Come to your soil from where you will". It indicates that in so far as the ultimate place (of penetration) is a 'soil' (which stands for the female vagina which is productive like a soil), one can elect whatever way he likes to reach this ultimate place. Thus, lying over the woman or beside her or beneath her, acceding to the vagina from any side, front or back, sitting or kneeling -- all these and similar other positions are allowed while performing sexual intercourse subject to the two conditions mentioned above.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

ويسألونك عن الحيض -وهو الدم الذي يسيل من أرحام النساء جِبِلَّة في أوقات مخصوصة-، قل لهم -أيها النبي-: هو أذى مستقذر يضر من يَقْرَبُه، فاجتنبوا جماع النساء مدة الحيض حتى ينقطع الدم، فإذا انقطع الدم، واغتسلن، فجامعوهن في الموضع الذي أحلَّه الله لكم، وهو القبل لا الدبر. إن الله يحب عباده المكثرين من الاستغفار والتوبة، ويحب عباده المتطهرين الذين يبتعدون عن الفواحش والأقذار.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن مهدي ، حدثنا حماد بن سلمة ، عن ثابت ، عن أنس : أن اليهود كانوا إذا حاضت المرأة منهم لم يؤاكلوها ولم يجامعوها في البيوت ، فسأل أصحاب النبي [ النبي ] صلى الله عليه وسلم فأنزل الله عز وجل : ( ويسألونك عن المحيض قل هو أذى فاعتزلوا النساء في المحيض ولا تقربوهن حتى يطهرن فإذا تطهرن ) حتى فرغ من الآية . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " اصنعوا كل شيء إلا النكاح " . فبلغ ذلك اليهود ، فقالوا : ما يريد هذا الرجل أن يدع من أمرنا شيئا إلا خالفنا فيه ! فجاء أسيد بن حضير وعباد بن بشر فقالا : يا رسول الله ، إن اليهود قالت كذا وكذا ، أفلا نجامعهن ؟

فتغير وجه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى ظننا أن قد وجد عليهما ، فخرجا ، فاستقبلتهما هدية من لبن إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فأرسل في آثارهما ، فسقاهما ، فعرفا أن لم يجد عليهما .رواه مسلم من حديث حماد بن سلمة .فقوله : ( فاعتزلوا النساء في المحيض ) يعني [ في ] الفرج ، لقوله : " اصنعوا كل شيء إلا النكاح " ; ولهذا ذهب كثير من العلماء أو أكثرهم إلى أنه تجوز مباشرة الحائض فيما عدا الفرج .قال أبو داود : حدثنا موسى بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا حماد ، عن أيوب ، عن عكرمة ، عن بعض أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا أراد من الحائض شيئا ، ألقى على فرجها ثوبا .وقال أبو داود أيضا : حدثنا القعنبي ، حدثنا عبد الله يعني ابن عمر بن غانم عن عبد الرحمن يعني ابن زياد عن عمارة بن غراب : أن عمة له حدثته : أنها سألت عائشة قالت : إحدانا تحيض ، وليس لها ولزوجها فراش إلا فراش واحد ؟ قالت : أخبرك بما صنع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : دخل فمضى إلى مسجده قال أبو داود : تعني مسجد بيتها فما انصرف حتى غلبتني عيني ، وأوجعه البرد ، فقال : " ادني مني " . فقلت : إني حائض . فقال : " اكشفي عن فخذيك " . فكشفت فخذي ، فوضع خده وصدره على فخذي ، وحنيت عليه حتى دفئ ونام صلى الله عليه وسلم .

وقال : أبو جعفر بن جرير : حدثنا ابن بشار ، حدثنا عبد الوهاب ، حدثنا أيوب عن كتاب أبي قلابة : أن مسروقا ركب إلى عائشة ، فقال : السلام على النبي وعلى أهله . فقالت عائشة : أبو عائشة ! مرحبا مرحبا . فأذنوا له فدخل ، فقال : إني أريد أن أسألك عن شيء ، وأنا أستحي . فقالت : إنما أنا أمك ، وأنت ابني . فقال : ما للرجل من امرأته وهي حائض ؟ فقالت : له كل شيء إلا فرجها .ورواه أيضا عن حميد بن مسعدة ، عن يزيد بن زريع ، عن عيينة بن عبد الرحمن بن جوشن ، عن مروان الأصفر ، عن مسروق قال : قلت لعائشة : ما يحل للرجل من امرأته إذا كانت حائضا ؟ قالت : كل شيء إلا الجماع .وهذا قول ابن عباس ، ومجاهد ، والحسن ، وعكرمة .وروى ابن جرير أيضا ، عن أبي كريب ، عن ابن أبي زائدة ، عن حجاج ، عن ميمون بن مهران ، عن عائشة قالت : له ما فوق الإزار .قلت : وتحل مضاجعتها ومؤاكلتها بلا خلاف . قالت عائشة : كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يأمرني فأغسل رأسه وأنا حائض ، وكان يتكئ في حجري وأنا حائض ، فيقرأ القرآن .

وفي الصحيح عنها قالت : كنت أتعرق العرق وأنا حائض ، فأعطيه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فيضع فمه في الموضع الذي وضعت فمي فيه ، وأشرب الشراب فأناوله ، فيضع فمه في الموضع الذي كنت أشرب .وقال أبو داود : حدثنا مسدد ، حدثنا يحيى ، عن جابر بن صبح سمعت خلاسا الهجري قال : سمعت عائشة تقول : كنت أنا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نبيت في الشعار الواحد ، وإني حائض طامث ، فإن أصابه مني شيء ، غسل مكانه لم يعده ، وإن أصاب يعني ثوبه شيء غسل مكانه لم يعده ، وصلى فيه .فأما ما رواه أبو داود : حدثنا سعيد بن عبد الجبار ، حدثنا عبد العزيز يعني ابن محمد عن أبي اليمان ، عن أم ذرة ، عن عائشة : أنها قالت : كنت إذا حضت نزلت عن المثال على الحصير ، فلم نقرب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولم ندن منه حتى نطهر فهو محمول على التنزه والاحتياط .وقال آخرون : إنما تحل له مباشرتها فيما عدا ما تحت الإزار ، كما ثبت في الصحيحين ، عن ميمونة بنت الحارث الهلالية قالت : كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أراد أن يباشر امرأة من نسائه أمرها فاتزرت وهي حائض . وهذا لفظ البخاري .

ولهما عن عائشة نحوه .وروى الإمام أحمد ، وأبو داود ، والترمذي ، وابن ماجه من حديث العلاء بن الحارث ، عن حزام بن حكيم ، عن عمه عبد الله بن سعد الأنصاري : أنه سأل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ما يحل لي من امرأتي وهي حائض ؟ قال : " ما فوق الإزار " .ولأبي داود أيضا ، عن معاذ بن جبل قال : سألت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عما يحل لي من امرأتي وهي حائض . قال : " ما فوق الإزار ، والتعفف عن ذلك أفضل " . وهو رواية عن عائشة كما تقدم وابن عباس ، وسعيد بن المسيب ، وشريح .فهذه الأحاديث وما شابهها حجة من ذهب إلى أنه يحل ما فوق الإزار منها ، وهو أحد القولين في مذهب الشافعي رحمه الله ، الذي رجحه كثير من العراقيين وغيرهم . ومأخذهم أنه حريم الفرج ، فهو حرام ، لئلا يتوصل إلى تعاطي ما حرم الله عز وجل ، الذي أجمع العلماء على تحريمه ، وهو المباشرة في الفرج . ثم من فعل ذلك فقد أثم ، فيستغفر الله ويتوب إليه . وهل يلزمه مع ذلك كفارة أم لا ؟ فيه قولان :أحدهما : نعم ، لما رواه الإمام أحمد ، وأهل السنن ، عن ابن عباس ، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الذي يأتي امرأته وهي حائض : " يتصدق بدينار ، أو نصف دينار " . وفي لفظ للترمذي : " إذا كان دما أحمر فدينار ، وإن كان دما أصفر فنصف دينار " .

وللإمام أحمد أيضا ، عنه : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جعل في الحائض تصاب ، دينارا فإن أصابها وقد أدبر الدم عنها ولم تغتسل ، فنصف دينار .والقول الثاني : وهو الصحيح الجديد من مذهب الشافعي ، وقول الجمهور : أنه لا شيء في ذلك ، بل يستغفر الله عز وجل ، لأنه لم يصح عندهم رفع هذا الحديث ، فإنه [ قد ] روي مرفوعا كما تقدم وموقوفا ، وهو الصحيح عند كثير من أئمة الحديث ، فقوله تعالى : ( ولا تقربوهن حتى يطهرن ) تفسير لقوله : ( فاعتزلوا النساء في المحيض ) ونهي عن قربانهن بالجماع ما دام الحيض موجودا ، ومفهومه حله إذا انقطع ، [ وقد قال به طائفة من السلف . قال القرطبي : وقال مجاهد وعكرمة وطاوس : انقطاع الدم يحلها لزوجها ولكن بأن تتوضأ ] .وقوله : ( فإذا تطهرن فأتوهن من حيث أمركم الله ) فيه ندب وإرشاد إلى غشيانهن بعد الاغتسال . وذهب ابن حزم إلى وجوب الجماع بعد كل حيضة ، لقوله : ( فإذا تطهرن فأتوهن من حيث أمركم الله ) وليس له في ذلك مستند ، لأن هذا أمر بعد الحظر . وفيه أقوال لعلماء الأصول ، منهم من يقول : إنه للوجوب كالمطلق . وهؤلاء يحتاجون إلى جواب ابن حزم ، ومنهم من يقول : إنه للإباحة ، ويجعلون تقدم النهي عليه قرينة صارفة له عن الوجوب ، وفيه نظر .

والذي ينهض عليه الدليل أنه يرد الحكم إلى ما كان عليه الأمر قبل النهي ، فإن كان واجبا فواجب ، كقوله تعالى : ) فإذا انسلخ الأشهر الحرم فاقتلوا المشركين ) [ التوبة : 5 ] ، أو مباحا فمباح ، كقوله تعالى : ( وإذا حللتم فاصطادوا ) [ المائدة : 2 ] ، ( فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض ) [ الجمعة : 10 ] وعلى هذا القول تجتمع الأدلة ، وقد حكاه الغزالي وغيره ، واختاره بعض أئمة المتأخرين ، وهو الصحيح .وقد اتفق العلماء على أن المرأة إذا انقطع حيضها لا تحل حتى تغتسل بالماء أو تتيمم ، إن تعذر ذلك عليها بشرطه ، [ إلا يحيى بن بكير من المالكية وهو أحد شيوخ البخاري ، فإنه ذهب إلى إباحة وطء المرأة بمجرد انقطاع دم الحيض ، ومنهم من ينقله عن ابن عبد الحكم أيضا ، وقد حكاه القرطبي عن مجاهد وعكرمة عن طاوس كما تقدم ] . إلا أن أبا حنيفة ، رحمه الله ، يقول فيما إذا انقطع دمها لأكثر الحيض ، وهو عشرة أيام عنده : إنها تحل بمجرد الانقطاع ولا تفتقر إلى غسل [ ولا يصح لأقل من ذلك المزيد في حلها من الغسل ويدخل عليها وقت صلاة إلا أن تكون دمثة ، فيدخل بمجرد انقطاعه ] والله أعلم .وقال ابن عباس : ( حتى يطهرن ) أي : من الدم ( فإذا تطهرن ) أي : بالماء .

وكذا قال مجاهد ، وعكرمة ، والحسن ، ومقاتل بن حيان ، والليث بن سعد ، وغيرهم .وقوله : ( من حيث أمركم الله ) قال ابن عباس ، ومجاهد ، وغير واحد : يعني الفرج ; قال علي بن أبي طلحة ، عن ابن عباس : ( فأتوهن من حيث أمركم الله ) يقول في الفرج ولا تعدوه إلى غيره ، فمن فعل شيئا من ذلك فقد اعتدى .وقال ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة : ( فأتوهن من حيث أمركم الله ) أي : أن تعتزلوهن . وفيه دلالة حينئذ على تحريم الوطء في الدبر ، كما سيأتي تقريره قريبا .وقال أبو رزين ، وعكرمة ، والضحاك وغير واحد : ( فأتوهن من حيث أمركم الله ) يعني : طاهرات غير حيض ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( إن الله يحب التوابين ) أي : من الذنب وإن تكرر غشيانه ، ( ويحب المتطهرين ) أي : المتنزهين عن الأقذار والأذى ، وهو ما نهوا عنه من إتيان الحائض ، أو في غير المأتى .

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.