Skip to main content
13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
Easy Da'wah Platform

Read

Listen

Personal Quran

ٱقْرَأْ

Continue your Quran journey

Read, listen and reflect on the Book of Allah with translations and renowned reciters.

Open Quran

Browse Collections

Discover

Hadith of the Day

Authentic narrations, clearly referenced

Every hadith shows its collection, book, chapter and reference so you can verify the source.

Explore Hadith

Explore

Tools

Media

Explore Islam through knowledge, reflection and authentic sources

Browse articles, tools and media gathered in one calm, ad-free place.

Start exploring

Start Learning

For Visitors

For Teachers

Personalised

Learn Quran with a qualified teacher

Choose an approved Quran teacher and learn at your own pace. Everything else on the platform stays free.

Find a Teacher

Categories

Featured Stories

A guide to Islam

A collection of essential duas

Hajj, step by step

Islamic news & updates

Community announcements, educational updates and reminders, published and verified by our team.

View all news
Study the Quran

Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Kahf 18:86

Word by word

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ ٱلشَّمْسِ وَجَدَهَا تَغْرُبُ فِى عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍ وَوَجَدَ عِندَهَا قَوْمًا ۗ قُلْنَا يَـٰذَا ٱلْقَرْنَيْنِ إِمَّآ أَن تُعَذِّبَ وَإِمَّآ أَن تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِمْ حُسْنًا

Until, when he reached the setting of the sun [i.e., the west], he found it [as if] setting in a body of dark water, and he found near it a people. We [i.e., Allāh] said, "O Dhul-Qarnayn, either you punish [them] or else adopt among them [a way of] goodness."

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

His traveling and reaching the Place where the Sun sets (the West)فَأَتْبَعَ سَبَباً (So he followed a way.) Ibn `Abbas said that he followed different routes to achieve what he wanted.فَأَتْبَعَ سَبَباً (So he followed a way.) Mujahid said that he followed different routes, east and west. According to one report narrated from Mujahid, he said:سَبَباً(a way) means, "A route through the land." Qatadah said, "It means he followed the routes and landmarks of the earth."حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِبَ الشَّمْسِ(Until, when he reached the setting place of the sun,) means, he followed a route until he reached the furthest point that could be reached in the direction of the sun's setting, which is the west of the earth. As for the idea of his reaching the place in the sky where the sun sets, this is something impossible, and the tales told by storytellers that he traveled so far to the west that the sun set behind him are not true at all.

Most of these stories come from the myths of the People of the Book and the fabrications and lies of their heretics.وَجَدَهَا تَغْرُبُ فِى عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍ(he found it setting in a spring of Hami'ah) meaning, he saw the sun as if it were setting in the ocean. This is something which everyone who goes to the coast can see: it looks as if the sun is setting into the sea but in fact it never leaves its path in which it is fixed. Hami'ah is, according to one of the two views, derived from the word Hama'ah, which means mud. This is like the Ayah:إِنِّى خَـلِقٌ بَشَرًا مِّن صَلْصَـلٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ("I am going to create a man (Adam) from dried clay of altered Hama'h (mud)) 15:28, which means smooth mud, as we have discussed above.وَوَجَدَ عِندَهَا قَوْماً(And he found near it a people.) meaning a nation. They mentioned that they were a great nation from among the sons of Adam.قُلْنَا يذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِمَّآ أَن تُعَذِّبَ وَإِمَّآ أَن تَتَّخِذَ فِيهِمْ حُسْناً(We (Allah) said (by inspiration): "O Dhul-Qarnayn!

Either you punish them or treat them with kindness") means, Allah gave him power over them and gave him the choice: if he wanted to, he could kill the men and take the women and children captive, or if he wanted to, he could set them free, with or without a ransom. His justice and faith became apparent in the ruling he pronounced:أَمَّا مَن ظَلَمَ(As for him who does wrong,) meaning who persists in his Kufr and in associating others in worship with his Lord,فَسَوْفَ نُعَذِّبُهُ(we shall punish him,) Qatadah said, i.e., by killing him.ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَى رَبِّهِ فَيُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَاباً نُّكْراً(and then he will be brought back unto his Lord, Who will punish him with a terrible torment.) meaning a severe, far-reaching and painful punishment.

This implies a confirmation of the Hereafter and the reward and punishment.وَأَمَّا مَنْ آمَنَ(But as for him who believes), meaning `who follows us in our call to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate,'فَلَهُ جَزَآءً الْحُسْنَى(he shall have the best reward,) meaning in the Hereafter, with Allah.وَسَنَقُولُ لَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا يُسْراً(and we (Dhul-Qarnayn) shall speak unto him mild words.) Mujahid said, `(words of) kindness.'

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

The statement in verse 86: حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَغْرِ‌بَ الشَّمْسِ (until when he reached where the sun sets) means that he reached the far limit towards the West beyond which there was no populated area.

The word: حَمِئَةٍ (Hami'ah) in the succeeding phrase: فِي عَيْنٍ حَمِئَةٍ (into a miry spring) literally means dark marsh or mud carrying the sense of water beneath which there is dark mud and which causes the water it-self to appear black. As for the sense of his seeing the Sun setting into such a spring, it means that an onlooker perceived it as setting into the spring because there was no habitation or dry land in sight. This is like being in an open field while the Sun is setting where as far as one can see there appears to be no mountain, tree, or structure, naturally one who looks at the sight would feel that the Sun was sinking into the land mass.

Said in the sentence which follows immediately was: وَوَجَدَ عِندَهَا قَوْمًا (and found near it a people), that is, near this dark spring, Dhul-Qarnain found a people. The later part of the verse shows that these people were infidels. Therefore, as said in the next verses, Allah Ta’ ala gave Dhul-Qarnain the choice of punishing them right away for their infidelity. Or, if he so wished, he could choose to deal with them benevolently by first asking them to consider the message of faith and bring them round to embrace it through dissemination of information and good counsel. After that, he could reward those who believe and punish those. who do not. In response, Dhul-Qarnain elected to go by the second option. He said that he would try to bring them to the straight path through good counsel and advice. Then, he would punish those who stood by their infidelity and reward those who believed and did what was good.

The statement: قُلْنَا يَا ذَا الْقَرْ‌نَيْنِ (We said, 'O Dhul-Qarnain...) shows that Allah Ta` ala has Himself said this addressing Dhul-Qarnain. Now, if Dhul-Qarnain is taken to be a prophet, there is no problem here. It will mean that it was said to him through the medium of revelation. And if, his prophethood is not to be recognized, there is only one way to rationalize the statement: قُلْنَا (qulna: We said) and the address: يَا ذَا الْقَرْ‌نَيْنِDhul-Qarnain). This way could be to take this address to have been made to Dhul-Qarnain through the medium of some prophet - as suggested by the reported presence of Al-Khadir (علیہ السلام) with him. Then, it is also possible that this revelation is just not the kind of wahy that is peculiar to a prophet or messenger of Allah. May be, it is a wahy or revelation in the literal sense like the word: وَاَوحَینَا (awhaina: We revealed or put into the heart) used in the Qur’ an for the mother of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) - though, there is no probability of her being a prophet or messenger of Allah.

But, Abu Hayyan says in al-Bahr al-Muhit that the command given here to Dhul-Qarnain is a command to punish and kill those people. No such command can be given without the authority of a revelation to a prophet. This action cannot be taken on the authority of Kashf (illumination) and Ilham (inspiration), nor can it be activated through any other source without the authority of wahy (revelation) to a nabiyy (prophet). For this reason, no probability other than the one being mentioned here is sound: Either Dhul-Qarnain himself is taken to be a prophet, or that there may be a prophet present during his time and it is through him that Dhul-Qarnain is addressed. And Allah knows best.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

حتى إذا وصل ذو القرنين إلى مغرب الشمس وجدها في مرأى العين كأنها تغرب في عين حارة ذات طين أسود، ووجد عند مغربها قومًا. قلنا: يا ذا القرنين إما أن تعذبهم بالقتل أو غيره، إن لم يقروا بتوحيد الله، وإما أن تحسن إليهم، فتعلمهم الهدى وتبصرهم الرشاد.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

وقوله : ( حتى إذا بلغ مغرب الشمس ) أي : فسلك طريقا حتى وصل إلى أقصى ما يسلك فيه من الأرض من ناحية المغرب ، وهو مغرب الأرض . وأما الوصول إلى مغرب الشمس من السماء فمتعذر ، وما يذكره أصحاب القصص والأخبار من أنه سار في الأرض مدة والشمس تغرب من ورائه فشيء لا حقيقة له . وأكثر ذلك من خرافات أهل الكتاب ، واختلاق زنادقتهم وكذبهموقوله : ( وجدها تغرب في عين حمئة ) أي : رأى الشمس في منظره تغرب في البحر المحيط ، وهذا شأن كل من انتهى إلى ساحله ، يراها كأنها تغرب فيه ، وهي لا تفارق الفلك الرابع الذي هي مثبتة فيه لا تفارقه .والحمئة مشتقة على إحدى القراءتين من " الحمأة " وهو الطين ، كما قال تعالى : ( إني خالق بشرا من صلصال من حمإ مسنون ) [ الحجر : 28 ] أي طين أملس . وقد تقدم بيانه .وقال ابن جرير : حدثني يونس ، أخبرنا ابن وهب حدثني نافع بن أبي نعيم ، سمعت عبد الرحمن الأعرج يقول : كان ابن عباس يقول ( في عين حمئة ) ثم فسرها : ذات حمأة .

قال نافع : وسئل عنها كعب الأحبار فقال : أنتم أعلم بالقرآن مني ، ولكني أجدها في الكتاب تغيب في طينة سوداء .وكذا روى غير واحد عن ابن عباس ، وبه قال مجاهد وغير واحد .وقال أبو داود الطيالسي : حدثنا محمد بن دينار ، عن سعد بن أوس ، عن مصدع ، عن ابن عباس ، عن أبي بن كعب ؛ أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أقرأه ( حمئة )وقال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس : " وجدها تغرب في عين حامية " يعني حارة . وكذا قال الحسن البصري .وقال ابن جرير : والصواب أنهما قراءتان مشهورتان وأيهما قرأ القارئ فهو مصيب .قلت : ولا منافاة بين معنييهما ؛ إذ قد تكون حارة لمجاورتها وهج الشمس عند غروبها ، وملاقاتها الشعاع بلا حائل و ( حمئة ) في ماء وطين أسود ، كما قال كعب الأحبار وغيره .وقال ابن جرير : حدثنا محمد بن المثنى ، حدثنا يزيد بن هارون ، أخبرنا العوام ، حدثني مولى لعبد الله بن عمرو ، عن عبد الله قال : نظر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى الشمس حين غابت ، فقال : " في نار الله الحامية [ في نار الله الحامية ] ، لولا ما يزعها من أمر الله ، لأحرقت ما على الأرض " .قلت : ورواه الإمام أحمد ، عن يزيد بن هارون .

وفي صحة رفع هذا الحديث نظر ، ولعله من كلام عبد الله بن عمرو ، من زاملتيه اللتين وجدهما يوم اليرموك ، والله أعلم .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا حجاج بن حمزة ، حدثنا محمد - يعني ابن بشر - حدثنا عمرو بن ميمون ، أنبأنا ابن حاضر ، أن ابن عباس ذكر له أن معاوية بن أبي سفيان قرأ الآية التي في سورة الكهف " تغرب في عين حامية " قال ابن عباس لمعاوية ما نقرؤها إلا ( حمئة ) فسأل معاوية عبد الله بن عمرو كيف تقرؤها : فقال عبد الله : كما قرأتها . قال ابن عباس : فقلت لمعاوية : في بيتي نزل القرآن ؟ فأرسل إلى كعب فقال له : أين تجد الشمس تغرب في التوراة ؟ [ فقال له كعب : سل أهل العربية ، فإنهم أعلم بها ، وأما أنا فإني أجد الشمس تغرب في التوراة ] في ماء وطين . وأشار بيده إلى المغرب . قال ابن حاضر : لو أني عندكما أفدتك بكلام تزداد فيه بصيرة في حمئة . قال ابن عباس : وإذا ما هو ؟ قلت : فيما يؤثر من قول تبع ، فيما ذكر به ذا القرنين في تخلقه بالعلم واتباعه إياه :بلغ المشارق والمغارب يبتغي أسباب أمر من حكيم مرشد فرأى مغيب الشمس عند غروبهافي عين ذي خلب وثأط حرمدقال ابن عباس : ما الخلب ؟ قلت : الطين بكلامهم . [ يعني بكلام حمير ] . قال : ما الثاط ؟ قلت : الحمأة . قال : فما الحرمد ؟ قلت : الأسود .

قال : فدعا ابن عباس رجلا أو غلاما فقال : اكتب ما يقول هذا الرجل .وقال سعيد بن جبير : بينا ابن عباس يقرأ سورة الكهف فقرأ : ( وجدها تغرب في عين حمئة ) فقال كعب : والذي نفس كعب بيده ما سمعت أحدا يقرؤها كما أنزلت في التوراة غير ابن عباس ، فإنا نجدها في التوراة : تغرب في مدرة سوداء .وقال أبو يعلى الموصلي : حدثنا إسحاق بن أبي إسرائيل ، حدثنا هشام بن يوسف قال : في تفسير ابن جريج ( ووجد عندها قوما ) قال : مدينة لها اثنا عشر ألف باب ، لولا أصوات أهلها لسمع الناس وجوب الشمس حين تجب .وقوله : ( ووجد عندها قوما ) أي أمة من الأمم ، ذكروا أنها كانت أمة عظيمة من بني آدم .وقوله : ( قلنا ياذا القرنين إما أن تعذب وإما أن تتخذ فيهم حسنا ) معنى هذا : أن الله تعالى مكنه منهم وحكمه فيهم ، وأظفره بهم وخيره : إن شاء قتل وسبى ، وإن شاء من أو فدى . فعرف عدله وإيمانه فيما أبداه عدله وبيانه

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.