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13 Jumada al-awwal 1448 AH Saturday, 24 October 2026
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Tafsir

Scholarly commentary explaining a verse — its context, its meaning and how the scholars have understood it.

Al-Kahf 18:29

Word by word

وَقُلِ ٱلْحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ فَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ ۚ إِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا ۚ وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُوا۟ يُغَاثُوا۟ بِمَآءٍ كَٱلْمُهْلِ يَشْوِى ٱلْوُجُوهَ ۚ بِئْسَ ٱلشَّرَابُ وَسَآءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا

And say, "The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills - let him believe; and whoever wills - let him disbelieve." Indeed, We have prepared for the wrongdoers a fire whose walls will surround them. And if they call for relief, they will be relieved with water like murky oil, which scalds [their] faces. Wretched is the drink, and evil is the resting place.

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

The Truth is from Allah, and the Punishment of Those Who do not believe in it

Allah says to His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ: "Say to the people, `What I have brought to you from your Lord is the truth, in which there is no confusion or doubt."'فَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيُؤْمِن وَمَن شَآءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ(Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve.) This is a type of threat and stern warning, after which Allah says,إِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا(Verily, We have prepared), meaning made ready,لِّلظَّـلِمِينَ(for the wrongdoers,) meaning those who disbelieve in Allah, His Messenger and His Book,نَارًا أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا(a Fire whose walls will be surrounding them.) Ibn Jurayj said that Ibn `Abbas said,أَحَاطَ بِهِمْ سُرَادِقُهَا(a Fire whose walls will be surrounding them.) "A wall of fire."وَإِن يَسْتَغِيثُواْ يُغَاثُواْ بِمَآءٍ كَالْمُهْلِ يَشْوِى الْوجُوهَ(And if they ask for drink, they will be granted water like Al-Muhl, that will scald their faces.) Ibn `Abbas said; "Al-Muhl is thick water which is similar to the sediment in oil." Mujahid said, "It is like blood and pus." `Ikrimah said, "It is the thing that is heated to the ultimate temperature." Others said: "It is everything that is melted." Qatadah said, "Ibn Mas`ud melted some gold in a grove, and when it became liquid and foam rose to the top, he said, this is the thing that is most like Al-Muhl." Ad-Dahhak said: "The water of Hell is black, and it itself is black and its people are black." There is nothing contradictory in these comments, for Al-Muhl includes all of these unpleasant characteristics, it is black, evil-smelling, thick and hot, as Allah said,يَشْوِى الْوجُوهَ(it will scald their faces.) meaning because of its heat.

When the disbeliever wants to drink it and brings it close to his face, it will scald it so that the skin of his face falls off into it. Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "When the people of Hell get hungry, they will ask for relief from it, and they will be given the tree of Zaqqum from which they will eat. The tree will tear off the skin of their faces, and if anyone who knew them were to pass by, he would recognize the skin of their faces in the tree. Then they will feel thirsty, so they will ask for drink, and they will be granted water like Al-Muhl, that is what has been heated to the ultimate temperature. When it is brought near their mouths, the flesh of their faces from which the skin has been torn off will be baked." After describing this drink in these horrifying qualities, Allah says:بِئْسَ الشَّرَابُ(Terrible is the drink,) meaning, how awful this drink is.

Similarly, He says in another Ayah:وَسُقُواْ مَآءً حَمِيماً فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَآءَهُمْ(and be given to drink boiling water so that it cuts up their bowels.) 47:15تُسْقَى مِنْ عَيْنٍ ءَانِيَةٍ(They will be given to drink from a boiling spring.) 88:5وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ ءَانٍ(They will go between it (Hell) and the fierce boiling water.) 55:44وَسَآءَتْ مُرْتَفَقًا(and an evil Murtafaq!) means, how evil a place is the Fire to dwell and rest and gather. As Allah says elsewhere:إِنَّهَا سَآءَتْ مُسْتَقَرّاً وَمُقَاماً(Evil indeed it (Hell) is as an abode and as a place to rest in.) 25:66

Ma'arif al-Qur'an

Mufti Muhammad Shafi

Commentary

Da'wah and Tabligh admit of no discrimination

Some events have been mentioned in the background of the revelation of the verse: وَاصْبِرْ‌ نَفْسَكَ (And keep yourself content - 28). It is possible that all of them became the cause of this instruction. Al-Baghawi reports that ` Uyainah ibn Hisn al-Fazari, the chief of Makkah paid a visit to the Holy Prophet ﷺ . Sitting there with him was Sayyidna Salman al-Farisi ؓ who was one of the poor Sahabah. His dress was tattered and his looks, that of a derwish. Then, there were some other poor and humble people like him sitting within the gathering. ` Uyainah said, 'these are the people who stop us from coming to you and listening to you. We cannot sit with such broken-down people. You should remove them from your gathering, or you should, at the least, have one separate gathering for us and another, for them.'Ibn Marduwayh reports on the authority of Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ that Umaiyyah ibn Khalaf al-jumahi advised the Holy Prophet ﷺ that he should not have poor and broken-down Muslims as those close to him.

Instead of that, he should prefer to have the chiefs of Makkah and the Quraysh tribe with him. If these people embraced the religion brought by him, it will advance the cause of religion.

Pursuant to events of this nature, came the Divine instruction that firmly stopped him from accepting their advice. Not only that he should not remove them from his company, in fact, the command given reads: وَاصْبِرْ‌ نَفْسَكَ (wasbir nafsak: translated as 'and keep yourself content' ). If translated literally, it could mean 'keep yourself tied with them,' not in the sense of not leaving them anytime, but meaning that he should attend to and relate to these very people, seeking their advice in essential matters and working in association with them alone. Why should he do that and what was the wisdom behind it? The words that follow spell the reason out. They call their Lord morning and evening, remembering Him under all conditions. And what they do is exclusively for the good pleasure of Allah. All these conditions around them are conditions that at-tract the help and support of Allah Ta` ala. And such are the people to whom comes the help of Allah. So, let them not worry about the loss of worldly support for the final victory shall be theirs.

The reason why he was prevented from accepting the advice of the Quraysh chiefs has been given towards the end of the verse. It was said that their hearts were heedless of the remembrance of Allah, everything they did was subservient to their physical desires and these conditions guaranteed that they would stand alienated far from the mercy and support of Allah Ta` ala.

Tafsir Muyassar

Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Saudi Arabia

وقل لهؤلاء الغافلين: ما جئتكم به هو الحق من ربكم، فمن أراد منكم أن يصدق ويعمل به، فليفعل فهو خير له، ومن أراد أن يجحد فليفعل، فما ظَلَم إلا نفسه. إنا أعتدنا للكافرين نارًا شديدة أحاط بهم سورها، وإن يستغث هؤلاء الكفار في النار بطلب الماء مِن شدة العطش، يُؤتَ لهم بماء كالزيت العَكِر شديد الحرارة يشوي وجوههم. قَبُح هذا الشراب الذي لا يروي ظمأهم بل يزيده، وقَبُحَتْ النار منزلا لهم ومقامًا. وفي هذا وعيد وتهديد شديد لمن أعرض عن الحق، فلم يؤمن برسالة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولم يعمل بمقتضاها.

Tafsir Ibn Kathir

Hafiz Ibn Kathir

قول تعالى لرسوله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : وقل يا محمد للناس : هذا الذي جئتكم به من ربكم هو الحق الذي لا مرية فيه ولا شك ( فمن شاء فليؤمن ومن شاء فليكفر ) هذا من باب التهديد والوعيد الشديد ؛ ولهذا قال : ( إنا أعتدنا ) أي : أرصدنا ) للظالمين ) وهم الكافرون بالله ورسوله وكتابه ( نارا أحاط بهم سرادقها ) أي : سورها .قال الإمام أحمد : حدثنا حسن بن موسى ، حدثنا ابن لهيعة ، حدثنا دراج ، عن أبي الهيثم عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " لسرادق النار أربعة جدر ، كثافة كل جدار مسافة أربعين سنة " .وأخرجه الترمذي في " صفة النار " وابن جرير في تفسيره ، من حديث دراج أبي السمح به[ وقال ابن جريج : قال ابن عباس : ( أحاط بهم سرادقها ) قال : حائط من نار ]وقال ابن جرير : حدثني الحسين بن نصر والعباس بن محمد قالا : حدثنا أبو عاصم ، عن عبد الله بن أمية ، حدثني محمد بن حيي بن يعلى ، عن صفوان بن يعلى ، عن يعلى بن أمية قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " البحر هو جهنم " قال : فقيل له : [ كيف ذلك ؟

] فتلا هذه الآية - أو : قرأ هذه الآية - : ( نارا أحاط بهم سرادقها ) ثم قال : " والله لا أدخلها أبدا أو : ما دمت حيا - ولا تصيبني منها قطرة " .وقوله : ( وإن يستغيثوا يغاثوا بماء كالمهل يشوي الوجوه بئس الشراب وساءت مرتفقا ) قال ابن عباس : " المهل " : ماء غليظ مثل دردي الزيت .وقال مجاهد : هو كالدم والقيح . وقال عكرمة : هو الشيء الذي انتهى حره : وقال آخرون : هو كل شيء أذيب .وقال قتادة : أذاب ابن مسعود شيئا من الذهب في أخدود ، فلما انماع وأزبد قال : هذا أشبه شيء بالمهل .وقال الضحاك : ماء جهنم أسود ، وهي سوداء وأهلها سود .وهذه الأقوال ليس شيء منها ينفي الآخر ، فإن المهل يجمع هذه الأوصاف الرذيلة كلها ، فهو أسود منتن غليظ حار ؛ ولهذا قال : ( يشوي الوجوه ) أي : من حره ، إذا أراد الكافر أن يشربه وقربه من وجهه ، شواه حتى يسقط جلد وجهه فيه ، كما جاء في الحديث الذي رواه الإمام أحمد بإسناده المتقدم في سرادق النار عن أبي سعيد الخدري ، عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " ماء كالمهل " .

قال كعكر الزيت فإذا قربه إليه سقطت فروة وجهه فيه " وهكذا رواه الترمذي في " صفة النار " من جامعه ، من حديث رشدين بن سعد عن عمرو بن الحارث ، عن دراج ، به ثم قال : لا نعرفه إلا من حديث " رشدين " ، وقد تكلم فيه من قبل حفظه ، هكذا قال ، وقد رواه الإمام أحمد كما تقدم عن حسن الأشيب ، عن ابن لهيعة ، عن دراج ، والله أعلم .وقال عبد الله بن المبارك ، وبقية بن الوليد ، عن صفوان بن عمرو ، عن عبد الله بن بسر ، عن أبي أمامة - رضي الله عنه - عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في قوله : ( ويسقى من ماء صديد يتجرعه ) [ إبراهيم : 16 ، 17 ] قال : " يقرب إليه فيتكرهه ، فإذا قرب منه شوى وجهه ووقعت فروة رأسه ، فإذا شربه قطع أمعاءه ، يقول الله تعالى : ( وإن يستغيثوا يغاثوا بماء كالمهل يشوي الوجوه بئس الشراب ) .وقال سعيد بن جبير : إذا جاع أهل النار استغاثوا بشجرة الزقوم ، فأكلوا منها فاختلست جلود وجوههم ، فلو أن مارا مر بهم يعرفهم ، لعرف جلود وجوههم فيها . ثم يصب عليهم العطش فيستغيثون .

فيغاثون بماء كالمهل ، وهو الذي قد انتهى حره ، فإذا أدنوه من أفواههم اشتوى من حره لحوم وجوههم التي قد سقطت عنها الجلود .ولهذا قال تعالى بعد وصفه هذا الشراب بهذه الصفات [ الذميمة ] القبيحة : ( بئس الشراب ) أي : بئس هذا الشراب كما قال في الآية الأخرى : ( وسقوا ماء حميما فقطع أمعاءهم ) [ محمد : 15 ] وقال تعالى : ( تسقى من عين آنية ) [ الغاشية : 5 ] أي حارة ، كما قال : ( وبين حميم آن ) [ الرحمن : 44 ]( وساءت مرتفقا ) [ أي : وساءت النار ] منزلا ومقيلا ومجتمعا وموضعا للارتفاق كما قال في الآية الأخرى : ( إنها ساءت مستقرا ومقاما ) [ الفرقان : 66 ]

Tafsir is provided for educational reference. Paragraph breaks are added for readability — the wording of each commentary is unchanged. For religious guidance, consult a qualified scholar.