Tafsir

Yusuf calls His Jail Mates to Tawhid even before He interprets Their Dreams

Yusuf, peace be upon him, told the two men that he has knowledge in the interpretation of whatever they saw in their dream, and that he will tell them about the interpretation of the dreams before they become a reality. This is why he said, لاَ يَأْتِيكُمَا طَعَامٌ تُرْزَقَانِهِ إِلاَّ نَبَّأْتُكُمَا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ(No food will come to you as your provision, but I will inform you of its interpretation) Mujahid commented, لاَ يَأْتِيكُمَا طَعَامٌ تُرْزَقَانِهِ(No food will come to you as your provision,) this day, إِلاَّ نَبَّأْتُكُمَا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ قَبْلَ أَن يَأْتِيَكُمَا(but I will inform you of its interpretation before it comes.) As-Suddi said similarly.

Yusuf said that, this knowledge is from Allah Who taught it to me, because I shunned the religion of those who disbelieve in Him and the Last Day, who neither hope for Allah's reward nor fear His punishment on the Day of Return, وَاتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ ءَابَآءِي إِبْرَهِيمَ وَإِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ(And I have followed the religion of my fathers, - Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya`qub) Yusuf said, `I have avoided the way of disbelief and polytheism, and followed the way of these honorable Messengers,' may Allah's peace and blessings be on them. This, indeed, is the way of he who seeks the path of guidance and follows the way of the Messengers, all the while shunning the path of deviation. It is he whose heart Allah will guide, teaching him what he did not know beforehand. It is he whom Allah will make an Imam who is imitated in the way of righteousness, and a caller to the path of goodness. Yusuf said next, مَا كَانَ لَنَآ أَن نُّشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ مِن شَىْءٍ ذلِكَ مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى النَّاسِ(and never could we attribute any partners whatsoever to Allah.

This is from the grace of Allah to us and to mankind,) this Tawhid -Monotheism-, affirming that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone without partners, مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا(is from the grace of Allah to us), He has revealed it to us and ordained it on us, وَعَلَى النَّاسِ(and to mankind,), to whom He has sent us as callers to Tawhid, وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَشْكُرُونَ(but most men thank not.) they do not admit Allah's favor and blessing of sending the Messengers to them, but rather, بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ(Have changed the blessings of Allah into disbelief, and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction.) 14:28

After that, he declares his abhorrence for disbelief and his disengagement from the community of disbelievers. Then, with it, he also stresses that he is a member of the House of Prophets and it is their Community that he adheres to and that he is a scion of the House of Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya` qub (علیہم السلام) . We mentioned confidence a little earlier. Customarily, this kind of inherited nobility, a common family trait, is also a source of creating confidence in a person. After that he said: And it is not for us that we associate any partners with Allah. Then, he said that the Taufiq of following a true religion ('the favour of Allah upon us and upon all people' ) was nothing but the Fadl or grace of Allah Ta’ ala, for it was He who, by giving proper understanding, made the acceptance of truth easy on us. But, most of the people do not appreciate this blessing and do not show their gratitude for it.

After having said that, he asked the same prisoners to tell him if it was better that human beings should be worshiping many gods, or was it better that one becomes a servant of one Allah alone - whose subduing power is all-dominant. Then he referred to idol worship from a different angle. He told them that their fathers and forefathers have taken some idols as their Lord. As for them, they are no more than a lot of names which they have coined on their own. They have no personal attributes which could become deserving of assigning to them the least fund of power - because all of them are inert. This is something one can see with one's own eyes. The only other method through which they could have been taken as true objects of worship would be that Allah Ta’ ala sends down specific injunctions or commandments to worship them. So, in that case, even if observation and reason had not been willing to accept their godhood but, because of the Divine command, we would have left our observation and reason aside and would have obeyed the command of Allah.

But, this is not there either - because Allah Ta ala did not send down any argument or proof for their worship. Instead of that, what He said was but that Law and Sovereignty belonged to Allah Ta ala with no one having a right in it; and the command He gave was no other but that we should not worship anyone or anything other than Allah. Finally, he said: ` This is the only right path - which was bestowed on my forefathers by Allah Ta ala, but most of the people do not know this reality.'

واتبعت دين آبائي إبراهيم وإسحاق ويعقوب فعبدت الله وحده، ما كان لنا أن نجعل لله شريكًا في عبادته، ذلك التوحيد بإفراد الله بالعبادة، مما تفضل الله به علينا وعلى الناس، ولكن أكثر الناس لا يشكرون الله على نعمة التوحيد والإيمان.

( واتبعت ملة آبائي إبراهيم وإسحاق ويعقوب ) يقول : هجرت طريق الكفر والشرك ، وسلكت طريق هؤلاء المرسلين ، صلوات الله وسلامه عليهم أجمعين ، وهكذا يكون حال من سلك طريق الهدى ، واتبع المرسلين ، وأعرض عن طريق الظالمين فإنه يهدي قلبه ويعلمه ما لم يكن يعلمه ، ويجعله إماما يقتدى به في الخير ، وداعيا إلى سبيل الرشاد .( ما كان لنا أن نشرك بالله من شيء ذلك من فضل الله علينا وعلى الناس ) هذا التوحيد ، وهو الإقرار بأنه لا إله إلا هو وحده لا شريك له ( من فضل الله علينا ) أي : أوحاه إلينا ، وأمرنا به ) وعلى الناس ) إذ جعلنا دعاة لهم إلى ذلك ( ولكن أكثر الناس لا يشكرون ) أي : لا يعرفون نعمة الله عليهم بإرسال الرسل إليهم ، بل ( بدلوا نعمة الله كفرا وأحلوا قومهم دار البوار ) [ إبراهيم : 28 ] .وقال ابن أبي حاتم : حدثنا أحمد بن سنان ، حدثنا أبو معاوية ، حدثنا حجاج ، عن عطاء ، عن ابن عباس; أنه كان يجعل الجد أبا ، ويقول : والله فمن شاء لاعناه عند الحجر ، ما ذكر الله جدا ولا جدة ، قال الله تعالى - يعني إخبارا عن يوسف : ( واتبعت ملة آبائي إبراهيم وإسحاق ويعقوب )