Tafsir

Musa supplicated against Fir`awn and His Chiefs

Allah mentioned what Musa said when he prayed against Fir`awn and his chiefs after they refused to accept the truth. They continued to go astray and be haughty and arrogant. Musa said: رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ ءاتَيْتَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلاّهُ زِينَةً(Our Lord! You have indeed bestowed on Fir`awn and his chiefs splendor) and pleasure of this worldly life. وَأَمْوَالاً(and wealth) plentiful and abundant. Allah's statement, فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا رَبَّنَا لِيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِكَ(in the life of this world, Our Lord! That they may lead men astray from Your path.) was read with the word "Liyadillu" and "Liyudillu." The first is with a Fathah over the Ya, meaning that "You have given them that while You know they would not believe in what You have sent me with to them. You did that so they would gradually be drawn away from the truth." As Allah said: لِنَفْتِنَهُمْ فِيهِ(that We may test them thereby.)(20:131) and (72:17). Others read the word with a Dammah over the Ya. (i.e.

Liyudillu) This makes the Ayah mean: You have given them that so whoever You willed from among Your creatures will be tried. Those whom You wish to misguide would think that You have given them that because You loved them and You cared about them." رَبَّنَا اطْمِسْ عَلَى أَمْوَلِهِمْ("Our Lord! Destroy their wealth,") Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said: "They asked Allah to destroy their wealth." Ad-Dahhak, Abu Al-`Aliyah and Ar-Rabi`a bin Anas said: "Allah made their wealth into engraved stones as it was before." About Allah's statement, وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ(and harden their hearts) Ibn `Abbas said, "Harden their hearts means put a seal on them." فَلاَ يُؤْمِنُواْ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ(so that they will not believe until they see the painful torment.) This prayer was from Musa because he was angry for the sake of Allah and His religion. He prayed against Fir`awn and his chiefs when he was certain that there was no good in them.

Similarly, Nuh prayed and said: وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ لاَ تَذَرْ عَلَى الاٌّرْضِ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ دَيَّاراً - إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّواْ عِبَادَكَ وَلاَ يَلِدُواْ إِلاَّ فَاجِراً كَفَّاراً (My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers on the earth! If You leave them, they will mislead Your servants, and they will beget none but wicked disbelievers.) (71:26-27) Harun said "Amin" to his brother's prayer. And Allah answered Musa's prayer. Allah said: قَدْ أُجِيبَتْ دَّعْوَتُكُمَا(Verily, the invocation of you both is accepted.) `in destroying Fir`awn's people. قَدْ أُجِيبَتْ دَّعْوَتُكُمَا فَاسْتَقِيمَا(Verily I have answered your prayers (both of you). So you both keep to the straight way) So as I have answered your prayer, you should remain steadfast on My command.' Ibn Jurayj narrated that Ibn `Abbas said about this Ayah: "Be steadfast and follow My command."

In the third verse (89), it was said that the prayer of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) has been accepted. But, by taking Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) as associated with the act of prayer, the actual address was made in the words: قَدْ أُجِيبَت دَّعْوَتُكُمَا (The prayer of you both has been granted). There was a reason for it. When Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) السلام was making this prayer, Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) kept saying Amin (Amen). This tells us that the saying of Amin آمِین (so be it) is also a part of the prayer itself. And since the masnun method of du` a or prayer given in the Holy Qur'an is that of making it in a lowered voice, the saying of آمِین Amin too in a lowered mode seems to be preferable.

As for the acceptance of prayer, the information was given to the two prophets as it appears in this verse. But, even they were some-what tested in that the effect of the prayer, according to al-Baghawi, unfolded after forty years. For this reason, soon after the mention of the acceptance of their prayer in this verse, they both were given the instruction: فَاسْتَقِيمَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعَانِّ سَبِيلَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (so stand firm, and never follow the way of those who do not know). It means that they should go on carrying the mission of calling people to the true faith and do not get embarrassed, disappointed or hasty like the ignorant when the effects of the acceptance of some prayer takes its due time.

قال الله تعالى لهما: قد أجيبت دعوتكما في فرعون وملئه وأموالهم -وكان موسى يدعو، وهارون يؤمِّن على دعائه، فمن هنا نسبت الدعوة إلى الاثنين- فاستقيما على دينكما، واستمرَّا على دعوتكما فرعون وقومه إلى توحيد الله وطاعته، ولا تسلكا طريق مَن لا يعلم حقيقة وعدي ووعيدي.

وقال تعالى : ( قال قد أجيبت دعوتكما فاستقيما [ ولا تتبعان سبيل الذين لا يعلمون ] ) أي : كما أجيبت دعوتكما فاستقيما على أمري .قال ابن جريج ، عن ابن عباس : ( فاستقيما ) فامضيا لأمري ، وهي الاستقامة . قال ابن جريج : يقولون : إن فرعون مكث بعد هذه الدعوة أربعين سنة .وقال محمد بن علي بن الحسين : أربعين يوما .